微波等离子推进器性能预示的工程算法

对微波等离子推进器提出一种快速性能预估的工程算法。假设谐振腔内的工质参数均匀、气体与微波之间的能量耦合良好、喷管内流动为一维管流,利用等离子体的等温模型可以快速地对微波等离子推进器性能进行估算。采用可变节点划分方法处理喷管流场,避免了喉部奇点。计算给出一系列不同输入微波功率、工质流量及放电管内压强条件下合理的发动机性能参数。     

减压直流非转移弧等离子体射流速度的静电探针测量

组建了一套利用静电探针诊断技术测量减压直流非转移弧等离子体射流速度的实验系统。对以纯氩为工质的等离子体,在气流量1．25×10^-1kg/s、弧电流80A、真空室压力165Pa的条件下,测量了射流的速度及其分布。结果表明射流在发生器出口处中心最高速度约为1200m／s,在半径20mm处减小到635m／s。沿射流轴线方向的速度梯度约为10（ms^-1）／mm。射流速度随着弧电流增加而缓慢单调增加;当真空室压力从165Pa提高到2kPa时,发生器出口轴线上的射流速度从1200m／s降至570m／s。     

阵列式表面电弧等离子体气动激励控制三角翼流动分离的实验

为探索多路阵列式微秒脉冲表面电弧放电(μs-SAD,Microsecond pulse surface arc discharge)对尖前缘小后掠三角翼流动分离的控制效果和作用机理,首先通过放电测试和纹影测试对多路阵列式μs-SAD的激励特性进行研究,揭示其对流场的作用原理,进一步将多路阵列式μs-SAD用于三角翼流动控制,开展了小后掠三角翼流动分离控制低速风洞实验,研究了来流速度、激励电压和激励频率等参数对控制效果的影响规律。结果表明:多路阵列式μs-SAD能够快速放热,单路瞬间放电能量可达68mJ,在流场局部可诱导产生冲击波;机翼前缘多路阵列式μs-SAD能有效改善三角翼大迎角气动特性,当来流速度为30m/s时,使最大升力系数提高27.2%,失速迎角推迟4°;来流速度增大到40m/s时,流动控制效果减弱,使最大升力系数提高15.5%;存在最佳激励频率使无量纲频率F+=1时,控制效果最好;激励电压存在阈值,其随来流速度的增加而增大,当激励电压超过阈值电压继续增大时,流动控制效果不再增强。     

国外微波等离子推进器研究的新进展

回顾了国外微波等离子推进器（ＭＰＴ）的发展历史，简单介绍其基本工作原理与主要部件的设计、选材，论述理论与实验研究的新进展，给出推力、比冲与实验参数的范围。通过与电弧及电阻加热推进器的比较，得出结论：微波等离子推进器具有寿命长、效率和比冲高的优点，可用于地球同步通讯卫星的南北位置保持等。     

低纬(海南)电离层等离子体漂移对地磁活动的响应

利用2003-2016年期间子午工程海南站（19.5°N,109.1°E）数字测高仪观测到的电离层等离子体漂移数据,分析了高低两种太阳活动条件下纬向和垂直向漂移对近磁静、中等磁扰和强磁扰三种地磁活动水平的响应特性.结果表明：日间纬向漂移各季节均以西向为主,随地磁活动无明显变化,白天日出附近和夜间漂移在各季节均以东向为主,随地磁活动增强而减弱,减弱程度在分季最大,在夏季最小;日间垂直漂移在零值附近变化,且不受地磁活动和季节影响,日落附近漂移仅在分季受到地磁活动的抑制,午夜前垂直漂移在分季受到抑制,在冬季因强磁扰而反向,夏季无明显规律,子夜至日出后垂直漂移在各季节随地磁活动增强而减小.与赤道区Jicamarca相比,两地漂移对地磁活动的响应相近,但在幅度和相位上存在差异,这可能是两地区的地理位置、背景电场和风场结构等不同造成的.     

低轨航天器致空间等离子体尾流

建立起一个低轨道航天器引起的等离子体尾的二维计算机模式,结果表明：（１）尾流的宽度随表面负电位值的增加而变窄。（２）随离子马赫数增加尾流位垒变宽;（３）对正电位表面情况尾流近区有电子聚集,并且离子的放空更远。     

Fractal Structure of the Heliospheric Plasma Sheet at the Earth''''s Orbit

An analysis of the data from the Wind and IMP-8 spacecraft revealed that a slow solar wind, flowing in the heliospheric plasma sheet, represents a set of magnetic tubes with plasma of increased density (N > 10cm-3 at the Earth's orbit). They have a fine structure at several spatial scales (fractality), from 2°-3°(at the Earth's orbit, it is equivalent to 3.6-5.4h, or (5.4-8.0)×106km) to the minimum about 0.025°, i.e. the angular size of the nested tubes is changed nearly by two orders of magnitude. The magnetic tubes at each observed spatial scale are diamagnetic, i.e. their surface sustains a flow of diamagnetic (or drift) current that decreases the magnetic field within the tube itself and increases it outside the tube. Furthermore, the value of β= 8π[N(Te + Tp)]/B2 within the tube exceeds the value of βoutside the tube. In many cases total pressure P = N(Te + Tp) + B2/8πis almost constant within and outside the tubes at any one of the aforementioned scales.     

利用栅网控制空间等离子体环境效应模拟中的等离子体参数

通常采用ECR等离子体源产生的等离子体的温度和密度都比较大,通过附加适当目数的栅网,并在栅网上加一定的偏置电位来对等离子体参数,尤其是温度、密度进行调整,满足空间等离子体环境模拟要求.本文利用14目、25目的栅网,对己有的地面实验室空间等离子体环境进行了改进,得到了更加接近空间等离子体参数的一个地面模拟环境.     

Occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles over Kolhapur

This paper reports the nightglow observations of OI 630.0 nm emissions, made by using all sky imager operating at low latitude station Kolhapur (16.8°N, 74.2°E and dip lat. 10.6°N) during high sunspot number years of 24th solar cycle. The images are analyzed to study the nocturnal, seasonal and solar activity dependence occurrence of plasma bubbles. We observed EPBs in images regularly during a limited period 19:30 to 02:30 LT and reach maximum probability of occurrence at 22:30 LT. The observation pattern of EPBs shows nearly no occurrence during the month of May and it maximizes during the period October–April. The equinox and solstice seasonal variations in the occurrence of plasma bubbles show nearly equal and large differences, respectively, between years of 2010–11 and 2011–12.     

Spectroscopy peculiarities of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between electrodes with Zn admixtures

Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO₂–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out.