霍尔推力器内部等离子体流场数值分析

建立以宏观电中性、不同种类粒子间滑移流动为基本假设的一维多流体简化模型，构造了相应的数值计算方法，用于分析霍尔推力器(亦称稳态等离子体推力器，简称SPT)的加速器通道内部物理过程。在适当边界条件以及适当模型常数条件下，能够获得无论在定性还是定量上都与实际比较接近的收敛的稳态解。结果显示，电势降落集中在出口附近，离子加速过程与该电势降落一致；在通道前半段电离比较剧烈，而在出口附近趋于平缓，出口电离度接近80％；由于焦耳加热作用，电子从出口截面向阳极漂移过程中，其温度由初始的约10eV首先提升到接近60eV的峰值，该峰值出现在离出口约1／3通道长度位置上；随后，由于越来越多的能量损耗于电离过程，到阳极附近电子温度降至约25eV。受其中的一些假设所限，本模型不能反映一些特殊区域和某些比较重要的物理过程，同时能够收敛的条件也受到了限制。     

激光聚焦点火区域流场演化的数值研究

激光聚焦点火区域形成的低密度球腔会制约吸气式高重频脉冲激光推进发动机的稳定工作。基于球形点火模型,用数值计算方法研究了等离子体的初始温度对球腔大小的影响以及球腔的演化特点。研究表明,当等离子体的能量较大时,它的初始温度对球腔大小的影响较小;球腔的密度不足环境气体密度的0.1倍,温度高达几千K,压强接近环境气体压强;球腔半径与等离子体动力学半径的比值稳定在0.29左右。通过对球腔演化规律的分析,为激光器参数的控制和聚焦系统的设计提供了一定的参考依据。     

等离子体激励器流场测量及诱导推力实验

为了深入了解等离子体激励器流动控制原理,采用PIV技术获得了静止空气中的等离子体激励器上表面诱导气流及其末端引射气流流场的流速分布和流态,并对由此产生的诱导推力进行了测量实验;研究了等离子体激励器上表面诱导气流加速机理和尾部流场形态以及电极对数对诱导气流加速的影响,并与推力实验结果进行比较。研究结果表明,等离子体激励器上表面空气被诱导产生定向流动,并在多对平行电极的作用下被逐渐加速;诱导气流在激励器末端的引射作用形成射流,增加等离子体激励器电极对数可以增大该射流的流速;所产生的诱导推力也随诱导气流流速的加速相应增大。     

The Cold-Dense Plasma Sheet: A Geotail Perspective

GEOTAIL observations of the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) in the tail-flanks show that they are the region where the cold-dense plasma appears with stagnant flow signatures accompanied by bi-directional thermal electrons (< 300 eV). It is concluded from these facts that the tail-LLBL is the site of capturing the cold-dense plasma of the magnetosheath origin on to the closed field lines of the magnetosphere. There are also cases that strongly suggest that the cold-dense plasma entry from the flanks can be significant to fill a substantial part of the magnetotail. In such cases, the cold-dense plasma is not spatially restricted to a layer attached to the magnetopause (that is, the LLBL), but continues to well inside the magnetotail, constituting the cold-dense plasma sheet. Inspired by the fact that these remarkable cases are found for northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), a statistical study on the status of the near-Earth plasma sheet is made. The results show that the plasma sheet becomes significantly colder and denser when the northward IMF continues than during southward IMF periods, and that the cold-dense status appears most prominently near the dawn and dusk flanks. These are consistent with the idea that, during northward IMF periods, the supply of cold-dense ions to the near-Earth tail from the flanks dominates over the hot-tenuous ions transported from the distant tail.     

热平衡等离子体的二维复合流动数值计算

采用中性气体流动欧拉方程的近似因子分解法，耦合等离子体的热平衡模型方程，对用微波产生的等离子体在喷管内二维轴对称复合流动进行了数值计算。计算结果表明：微波等离子体电子数密度不超出临界值，1kW以下功率微波产生的是弱电离等离子体；气流的马赫数分布不受微波加热功率、喷管入口压强的影响，喷管内等离子体中电子数密度随微波功率的加大而增加，随入口压强的增加而减小。     

小功率电弧等离子体发动机试验及性能分析

电弧等离子体发动机（Arcjet）因其高比冲、高推力／功率比等特点成为当前国际上电火箭研究和应用的热点。介绍了小功率Arcjet实验研究系统的主要组成，分析了实验方案，对4种不同结构尺寸的发动机进行了性能实验，给出初步的工作性能参数及实验结果分析，实验结果表明小喷管喉和戏及氮作为推进剂的发动机性能较好。所得结论对小功率Arcjet发动机的优化设计具有参考价值。     

稳态等离子体推力器低功率工作模式实验研究

稳态等离子体动力器（SPT）是技术性能和空间适应性良好的电推力器,是小卫星空间动力的理想选择。从实验的角度研究了额定功率为660W的SPT在低于其额定功率下运行,推力器的放电特性、推车特性、推力效率、比冲等性能随推力器工作参数的变化。实验结果表明：660W的SPT推力器在低于其额定功率下工作,具有稳定的放电特性和确定的推力性能,可以将较大尺寸的SPT推力器在低功率模式下运行来替代小尺寸SPT推力器的作用。     

电弧放电等离子体激励控制超声速压气机叶栅激波/边界层干扰仿真研究

为研究电弧放电等离子体激励对超声速压气机叶栅激波/边界层干扰的控制作用,建立了模拟等离子体激励作用效果的唯象学模型,进一步以ARL-SL19超声速叶栅为对象,通过数值仿真研究了电弧放电等离子体与叶栅通道内部流动的相互作用及其对叶栅流动损失的影响。结果表明:等离子体唯象学模型能够较好模拟电弧放电等离子体诱导产生冲击波的气动特性。电弧放电等离子体激励对叶栅通道内部流动主要具有三种作用效果:在放电区,注入的热量会产生阻塞效应,增加近壁面气流的流动损失;在激波/边界层相互作用区,能够改变激波系结构,减小激波损失;在尾迹区,冲击波会诱导产生脱落涡。     

Statistical description of low-latitude plasma blobs as observed by DMSP F15 and KOMPSAT-1

The global distribution of low-latitude plasma blobs was investigated by in-situ plasma density measurements from the Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-1 (KOMPSAT-1) and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15. In the observations, blobs occurred in the longitude sector where the activity of the equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) was appreciable, and additional blobs were found at the lower (KOMPSAT-1) altitude as in the EPBs. However, several notable differences exist between the distributions of EPBs and blobs. First, KOMPSAT-1 found few blobs around 0°E in March and June, as did DMSP F15 from 30°W to 120°E for every season. Second, the overall occurrences in December and March at the DMSP F15 (840 km) altitude were somewhat lower than expected from those of the EBPs. Third, at the DMSP F15 altitude, the occurrence probability of plasma blobs was less controlled by yearly variations in the solar activity. These results imply that topside ionospheric conditions as well as the existence of EPBs control further development of blobs. Additionally, it was found that the blob latitudes became higher as the yearly solar activity increased. Moreover, most of the blobs were encountered in the winter hemisphere, possibly due to the low ambient density.     

A 2-D comparison of ionospheric convection derived from SuperDARN and DMSP measurements

Ion drift vectors measured by the DMSP satellites are compared with plasma convection vectors obtained by the SuperDARN HF radars through the standard Map Potential algorithm of Ruohoniemi and Baker [Ruohoniemi, M., Baker, K.B. Large-scale imaging of high-latitude convection with super dual auroral radar network HF radar observations. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 20797–20811, 1998]. Despite significant data spread, the agreement can be qualified as reasonable for a data set comprising of 149 satellite passes over the Northern Hemisphere at high latitudes. The slope of the best-fit line relating SuperDARN and DMSP velocity magnitudes is of the order of 0.3 with a tendency for the SuperDARN velocities to be smaller. The agreement between the azimuths of the ion drift and convection is better with the slope of the best-fit line being close to 1. It is shown that consistency between the radar and satellite measurements is much better if the SuperDARN line-of-sight velocities are compared with the DMSP cross-track ion drifts for events showing slow spatial and temporal variations of the convection. If areas of strong convection changes are included into comparison, the degree of agreement deteriorates drastically. This result implies that differences in the spatial and temporal resolutions of DMSP and SuperDARN measurements are crucial factors contributing to the observed discrepancies. In addition, some differences are introduced when the SuperDARN line-of-sight velocities are filtered and reprocessed into vectors with the application of a background convection model.