在25℃和-40℃环境下的三种航空材料的裂纹扩展品质研究

 为了探讨室温和低温环境下的航空金属材料的裂纹扩展特性,进行了-40℃和25℃两种温度环境下的LY12CZ,LC4CS和30CrMnSiNi2A 3种材料的a-N和da/dN△K曲线的对比试验研究。从试验结果比较得出,这3种材料在-40℃的a-N曲线和da/dN△K曲线全部高于25℃下的a-N曲线和da/dN△K曲线,说明这3种材料在-40℃环境下的裂纹扩展速率要比在25℃（常温）下的裂纹扩展速率要低,即同样材料在同一载荷谱作用下,低温环境下的裂纹扩展寿命要高于常温环境下的裂纹扩展寿命。     

企业成长力及其评价指标体系设计

企业的成长是一个复杂的动态过程,各种影响企业成长的因素相互关联、渗透,必须建立一套指标体系以便对其进行评价、控制。文章探讨了企业可持续成长所必须具备的能力,论述了评价企业成长力的指标体系设计原则,即指标体系需要有完备性、适度性、实用性和动态性。提出指标的设计要针对影响企业成长的重要因素——外部规则结构、内部治理结构、市场—技术结构作出具体选择和调整。     

论加速可靠性增长试验(Ⅴ)单独故障时间数据的统计方法

基于Arrhenius或逆幂律－幂律模型，以恒定应力加速可靠性增长试验（CSARGT）的单独故障时间数据的情况，给出了统计分析方法，并用数值例说明了这些方法。     

我国财政赤字的经济增长效应实证分析

理论研究表明,财政赤字对经济增长的作用要取决于客观经济状况,在我国目前现实国情下,财政赤字是否具有经济增长效应关系到我国未来的财政政策措施与取向。本文尝试运用最新发展的时间序列经济计量方法对改革开放以来的财政赤字与经济增长之间关系进行实证分析,借以为我国积极的财政政策提供理论分析与实证检验的依据。     

TC11材料高低周疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展特性研究

通过对航空发动机叶片用TC11材料在高低周复合载荷下进行裂纹扩展试验,研究了TC11材料高低周复合疲劳裂纹扩展规律,得到了高低周载荷条件下的裂纹稳态扩展曲线及断口特征。其结果可对风扇/压气机叶片抗高低周复合载荷下的裂纹扩展能力进行分析和评估,为下一代先进航空发动机设计提供技术支撑。     

气候环境实验室内降雨系统试验及仿真研究

通过试验和仿真对大型航空气候环境实验室内降雨单元的降雨均匀性进行研究。搭建试验台,分别对单个喷嘴和降雨单元的降雨均匀性进行试验研究。根据试验结果,分析喷嘴型号、喷嘴布置形式对降雨强度均匀性的影响。利用Matlab编程对不同型号喷嘴的降雨强度均匀性进行仿真研究。结果表明,喷射角度为120°的喷嘴喷淋性能基本一致,实际降雨覆盖面积直径最大可达3 m;降雨单元上喷嘴间距为1m时可以获得较好的降雨强度均匀性。     

纤维金属层板疲劳裂纹扩展速率与寿命预测的唯象模型

以纤维金属层板疲劳裂纹稳定扩展的特性为基础,提出了纤维金属层板等效裂纹长度（l0）的概念,导出了纤维金属层板疲劳过程中的有效应力强度因子方程,建立了纤维金属层板等幅疲劳下疲劳裂纹扩展速率与寿命预测的唯象模型。它不仅适用于中心裂纹,同时也适用于边缘裂纹。用唯象模型对2/1GLARE和3/2GLARE层板的CCT试样和SENT试样进行了寿命预测,并与试验结果进行了对比。当裂纹从锯切裂纹尖端扩展到试样宽度的80%时,对于GLARE层板的CCT试样,2/1GLARE层板的预测寿命与实测寿命之比为1.05,3/2GLARE层板的预测寿命与实测寿命之比为1.07.对于GLARE层板的SENT试样,预测寿命与实测寿命之比为1.12.唯象模型不仅预测结果可靠,精度高,而且都是解析运算,非常方便。唯象模型的提出使得纤维金属层板的疲劳裂纹扩展速率和寿命的预测变得跟金属材料一样方便,因此具有重要的工程应用价值。     

构件裂纹的探测和主动控制的一种新方法

提出将具有特殊力学性能和物理性能的形状记忆合金——NiTi丝埋入构件内部,利用构件内NiTi丝的电阻率大、对应变敏感和加热后可以产生巨大回复力等特点,可以实现对构件中的裂纹进行探测和主动控制裂纹的扩展。通过光弹试验和数值分析证明效果显著。     

DELAMINATION FORMATION AND DELAMINATION PROPAGATION OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES UNDER COMPRESSIVE FATIGUE LOADING

Fatigue tests of the smooth composite laminates and the notched composite laminates under compressive cyclic loading have been carried out. The damage mechanism is discussed and analyzed. Damage evolution is monitored using stiffness decay. From these tests, it is found that the initial delamination occurs at the free boundary of smooth specimens, or the notch boundary of notched specimens, subjected to the compression-compression cyclic load. A point of view in relation to two-phases of compression fatigue delamination of composites is proposed, namely, compression-compression delamination consists of the delamination formation phase and the delamination propagation, and there is a “damage transition point” to separate this two-phases. Furthermore, an empirical modulus degradation formula and its parameters fitting method are presented. According to the test data handling results, it is shown that this formula is univocal and can fit the test data conveniently. In addition, two kinds of new anti-buckling devices are designed for these tests. At last, the E-N curves, the D-N curves and the S-N curve of the smooth carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates of T300/648C are determined to predict the fatigue life of the notched composite laminate. And the E-N curve of the notched specimens at the given load ratio R=10 and minimum load P_min=-0.45　kN is also measured to verify the estimated result of fatigue life.     

Atomization mechanism of a charged viscoelastic liquid sheet

In order to study atomization mechanism of a viscoelastic liquid sheet in an electric field,the spatial–temporal stability analysis of a viscoelastic liquid sheet injected into a dielectric stationary ambient gas in the presence of a vertical electric field is conducted. The dispersion relations of both sinuous and varicose disturbance modes are solved to explore the spatial–temporal instability of a charged viscoelastic sheet, by setting both the wave number and frequency complex. A parametric study is performed to test the influence of the dimensionless parameters on the absolute instability of the sheet. The results show that the increase of liquid Weber number and time constant ratio, or decrease of gas to liquid density ratio and Reynolds number, can damp the absolute instability. The effect of the liquid elasticity depends on the value of time constant ratio: when time constant ratio is small, the increase of liquid elasticity could amplify absolute growth rate, but the effect is weak when the elasticity number is relatively large; when time constant ratio is large, the increase of liquid elasticity cannot affect the absolute growth rate. Moreover, the variation of electrical Euler number can hardly influence the absolute instability of a charged viscoelastic sheet.