纳米孔硅质绝热材料

介绍了纳米孔硅质绝热材料的绝热机理及发展概况，同时简要介绍了其生产工艺，并对其主要物化性能、热学性能及其它应用特点作了较为详细的说明。     

Optimal crater landmark selection based on optical navigation performance factors for planetary landing

Planetary craters are natural navigation landmarks that widely exist and are easily observed. Optical navigation based on crater landmarks has become an important autonomous navigation method for planetary landing. Due to the increase in observed crater landmarks and the limitation of onboard computation, the selection of good crater landmarks has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of landmark-based optical navigation. This paper designs a fast crater landmark selection method, which not only considers the configuration observability of crater subsets but also focuses on the influence on navigation performance arising from the measurement uncertainty and the matching confidence of craters, which is different from other landmark selection methods. The factor of measurement uncertainty, which is anisotropic, correlated and nonidentically distributed, is quantified and integrated into selection based on crater pairing detection and localization error evaluation. In addition, the concept of the crater matching confidence factor is introduced, which reflects the possibility of 2D projection measurements corresponding to 3D positions. Combined with the configuration observability factor, the crater landmark selection indicator is formed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

The day-to-day variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere in low latitudes: A study using MF radar

This study presents the analysis of planetary waves (PWs) using daily mean wind velocities for four years (August 2013 to July 2017) of continuous measurements using MF radar over the low latitude Indian region Kolhapur (16.8° N; 74.2° E). The MF radar at Kolhapur was upgraded in 2013. These are the first results of PWs after the upgradation of MF radar. The seasonal and intra-seasonal variabilities of East-West (EW) traveling PWs in the MLT region have been studied. In the present work, the data was analyzed to study the waves with various periodicities (e.g. 3–4, 5–8, 15–17, and 30–60 days). The 3.5 day [Ultra-Fast Kelvin (UFK)] wave shows semiannual variability with burst like wave activity observed during the summer months and December solstice. In addition, it is observed to be stronger in the spring equinoctial period. A strong semiannual oscillation (SAO) has been observed in a 6.5-day wave with peaks near the equinoxes. Similar to SAO over the low latitude MLT region, the wave activity is stronger in April/May than in September/October. The 6.5-day waves are observed to be stronger when the background mean wind is westward. From the analysis, it has been seen that the period before and after the equinoctial period is favorable for the 6.5-day wave propagation. The 16-day wave has no significant seasonal dependence; instead, the waves spread to almost all seasons. The Madden-Julian Oscillations (MJOs) have been observed to be propagating with an average wind speed of ～ 5 m/s when the background mean wind is eastward. The occurrence of MJO is observed during the summer and winter months. These results are the first of their kind in two aspects: first, they show the PWs with enhanced altitude coverage covering up to 110 km, and second, they show the PWs not contaminated due to equatorial electro jet influence.     

天梯动力学与控制研究进展

简要介绍了天梯系统的组成和初始部署形式。在此基础上，针对天梯初始部署和运行中存在的复杂动力学与控制问题，分别从天梯动力学建模、天梯稳定性、天梯绳索振荡、攀爬器运动引起的绳索振荡及振荡抑制、天梯初始部署动力学五个方面分析归纳了天梯动力学与控制的发展状况，最后对天梯动力学与控制的发展方向进行了总结及展望。     

基于深度强化学习的复杂地形适应机器人设计与实验

针对行星表面轻量化自主探测任务，基于仿生思想设计了一种仿海胆结构的十二足球形机器人，其具备自主改变构型以贴合复杂地形的能力，可实现无倾覆、高容错的全向运动；基于数据驱动方法，对该机器人设计了一种数据高效的无模型强化学习运动策略，可实现无先验知识的从0到1步态训练以及步态的实物样机快速部署。通过在平面地形和非结构化地形中对其进行仿真实验，验证了经过训练的机器人具备自主运动、适应非结构地形等能力；通过与常用基准策略进行对比，证实了本文提出的运动策略具有训练高效、鲁棒性好的优势；最后通过开发原理样机，开展实物实验验证了仿真环境中所生成的步态在真实物理环境中的动力学可行性。     

考虑弹体柔性振荡的全捷联导引头制导信息提取

随着拦截导弹弹体长细比的增加和直接侧向力的作用，拦截导弹上全捷联导引头量测信息严重受到弹体弹性振荡和控制力矩激励的影响，从而造成导弹制导精度的下降。针对现有惯导安装在弹体质心附近的振荡波腹处无法敏感导引头振荡的不足，提出了一种在导引头安装微机电陀螺器件测量振荡角速率，构造差分观测量的新状态模型，通过交互式多模型的容积卡尔曼滤波算法实现对视线角速度的解耦和精确提取。通过构建导弹六自由度制导与控制仿真模型，采用蒙特卡洛打靶仿真验证了算法的有效性。仿真结果表明模型重构后的滤波算法可以将弹体振荡的均方根误差压缩到0.5°以内并有效跟踪弹目视线角速率。     

Frequency steering of spaceborne clocks based on XPNAV-1 observations

Due to high stable rotations, timing of pulsars provides a natural tool to correct the frequency deviation of spaceborne atomic clocks. Based on processing the observational data about a year of Crab pulsar given by XPNAV-1 satellite, we study the possibility of correcting the frequency deviation of spaceborne atomic clocks using pulsar timing. According to the observational data in X-ray band and the timing model parameters from radio observations, the pre-fit timing residuals with a level of 6...     

Response of quasi-10-day waves in the MLT region to the sudden stratospheric warming in March 2020

We present an analysis of the response of quasi-10-day waves (Q10DWs) to the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event which occurred on March 23, 2020. The Q10DWs are observed in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region by three meteor radars, which are located at middle latitudes along the 120°E meridian from Mohe (MH, 53.5°N, 122.3°E), Beijing (BJ, 40.3°N, 116.2°E), to Wuhan (WH, 30.5°N, 114.6°E). The Q10DWs reveal similar temporal and altitudinal variations during the SSW in the MLT region at the three stations. The activities of Q10DWs are also captured in the temperature measurements from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite in the MLT region. Further analysis of the Q10DW phases indicates that the Q10DWs might be in situ generated due to mesospheric instabilities at higher latitudes around MH and then propagate southward to lower latitudes at BJ and WH. The atmospheric instabilities are not directly responsible for the excitations of Q10DWs at lower latitudes, while the observed equatorward propagation of the Q10DWs is important. Our result provides the observational evidence for latitudinal couplings in the MLT region after the SSW onset, which is achieved by southward propagating planetary waves in the MLT region.     

飞秒光学频率梳在计量领域的应用

飞秒光学频率梳是超快激光光学领域的重要研究方向，通过将锁模激光器重复频率（f_r）及载波包络相移频率（f_o）锁定至微波频率基准，在时域上呈现出飞秒量级的周期性超短脉冲序列，在频域上呈现出一系列离散等间隔排列的纵模分量，广泛应用于时间频率传递，空间尺度测量和精密光谱测量等诸多计量科学研究领域。根据飞秒光频梳的基本原理，着重介绍了其在计量领域的应用研究，分析了在计量领域的重要作用及研究的重要意义。