4m×3m风洞无人机模型振动抑制系统研制

在4m×3m低速风洞大展弦比无人机试验中,出现了纵向大振幅振动问题.通过试验观察和支撑系统的有限元计算,在不破坏风洞结构和不改变原模型姿态角变化范围的条件下,气动中心低速所研制了一套抑振装置.该装置成功应用于多个无人机型号试验,有效地抑制了纵向大振幅振动,提高了大展弦比无人机低速风洞试验数据的精准度.     

太阳F10.7指数准27天振荡的小波分析

利用1956-2003年的F10.7日均值数据,采用Morlet小波变换方法,分析了准27天振荡的特征及与太阳活动11年周期(Schwabe周期)的关系.结果表明,F10.7的准27天振荡的幅度和周期存在明显的短期变化现象,不同年里变化的程度差别很大,有些年里起伏非常剧烈,在几天到几十天的很短时间里,幅度变化达十几倍,周期可变化数天,甚至发生十几天的突变;有些年里,幅度变化很大但起伏很小,周期也比较稳定.准27天振荡的年平均幅度存在明显的逐年变化,与太阳活动显著相关.一般说来,F10.7越高,准27天振荡的幅度就越大,然而在太阳活动19周峰年,F10.7比其他活动周的值都高,但准27天振荡的幅度却比其他活动周低.准27天振荡的周期也有明显的逐年变化,除了个别年(如1987年),年平均周期在24至31天之间变化,与太阳活动周期没有明显的关系.48年的平均周期为27.3天.从总体看,周期有逐渐缩短的趋势,48年里周期大约减少了1.5天.造成准27天振荡起伏的因素非常复杂,有待深入研究.      

液体中心式气液同轴离心式喷嘴火焰振荡特性

气液同轴离心式喷嘴在特定的结构和工况下极易发生自激振荡,为了探究自激振荡对燃烧过程的影响,针对液体中心式气液同轴离心式喷嘴,开展了氧气和酒精的可视化燃烧试验研究.基于非接触光学观测方法同步获得了喷雾与火焰的动态结构,研究了缩进长度及喷注工况对火焰的动态特性、自激振荡特性以及燃烧效率的影响.研究发现,随着喷嘴缩进长度的增...     

模化比对直升机用红外抑制器红外辐射特性的影响

对波瓣喷管一弯曲混合管构成的直升机用红外抑制器壁面和尾焰的红外辐射特性进行了一系列的数值研究,旨在将三维流场数值计算、壁温计算与红外辐射计算结合起来综合分析抑制器红外辐射特性,与相关实验数据的对比验证表明计算结果与实验结果仅相差15%左右,且红外辐射强度空问分布规律一致;通过对不同缩比模型的数值计算,揭示了模化比对壁面及尾焰的红外辐射特性的影响规律:(1)几何相似的红外抑制器在主流入口速度、温度相同时,壁面红外辐射强度与几何模化比的2次方成正比;(2)尾焰红外辐射强度与几何模化比的2.32次方成正比.      

平板射流中大尺度涡的理论模型

根据流动稳定性理论,提出了一种解释平板射流中大尺度涡产生机理的二维不稳定波理论模型,用这种模型计算所得的流动结构和相干扰动量与实验结果吻合较好.说明不稳定波模型可以较好地描述湍流平板射流中的大尺度涡结构的主要特征.      

利用气动弹性的柔性振翼模型建立及分析(英文)

Making use of modal characteristics of the natural vibration of flexible structure to design the oscillating wing aircraft is proposed. A series of equations concerning the oscillating wing of flexible structures are derived. The kinetic equation for aerodynamic force coupled with elastic movement is set up, and relevant formulae are derived. The unsteady aerodynamic one in that formulae is revised. The design principle, design process and range of application of such oscillating wing analytical method are elaborated. A flexible structural oscillating wing model is set up, and relevant time response analysis and frequency response analysis are conducted. The analytical results indicate that adopting the new-type driving way for the oscillating wing will not have flutter problems and will be able to produce propulsive force. Furthermore, it will consume much less power than the fixed wing for generating the same lift.     

侧壁约束下压缩激波/湍流边界层相互作用低频不稳定性实验研究

侧壁面约束条件下压缩激波/湍流边界层相互作用（Shock-Wave/Turbulent Boundary-Layer Interactions, SWTBLIs）呈现出区别于经典二维SWTBLIs的强三维特性，尤其是低频不稳定性问题自发现以来就受到了广泛关注，而其与下游压缩环境之间的关联性尚不明确。本文基于带侧壁约束的超声速压缩拐角构建三维受限的SWTBLIs流动，并通过自由射流风洞实验进行了系统研究，其中来流Ma∞=2.5、湍流边界层发展厚度对矩形流道宽度的占比约0.08、压缩拐角在12°~24°的宽范围内变化。通过不同压缩拐角下流场结构演化及壁面压力脉动信号谱特性的对比，揭示了侧壁面约束条件下压缩拐角对低频大尺度振荡时间-空间演化行为的影响规律和作用机制。研究发现：压缩拐角角度较小时，侧壁面约束导致的“拖尾效应”有助于延缓压缩拐角附近流动分离模式的过渡，并抑制压缩激波的不稳定性；压缩拐角达到20°及以上时，压缩拐角前沿逐渐发展为大尺度流动分离模式，侧壁面约束的角区将首先发展出能量集中的低频脉动，并逐步演化为两种峰值频率分别为约50Hz、200Hz量级的不同大尺度间歇性低频振荡叠加行为，且伴随着压缩激波形态的显著改变；两种低频振荡行为都属于SWTBLIs流场的全局性不稳定振荡，但沿着展向振荡强度差异显著，角区内的振荡强度远远高于中心主流区域。     

Oblique shock train motion based on schlieren image processing

In this paper, shock train motion in a Mach number 2.7 duct is studied experimentally, and large numbers of schlieren images are obtained by a high-speed camera. An image processing method based on Maximum Correlation Detection (MCD) is proposed to detect shock train motion from the schlieren images, based on which the key structures, e.g., separation positions and separation shock angles on the top and bottom walls, can be analysed in detail. The oscillations of the shock train are generated by rhombus and ellipse shafts at various excitation frequencies. According to the analysis of MCD results, the distributions of the frequency components of shock train oscillation generated by the two shafts are distinctly different, in which the motion generated by the ellipse shaft is much smoother; shock train motion is mainly characterized by the oscillation of separation position while the separation shock strength is not so sensitive to downstream disturbance; there is a hysteresis loop relation between the downstream pressure and separation position.     

Asteroid interception and disruption for terminal planetary defense

Modern techniques for planetary defense from comets and asteroids involve the deflection of the bolide via kinetic, gravitational, ablative, or radiative means. While potentially effective, none of these methods are capable of operating in a terminal interdiction mode wherethe threat is discovered with little time prior to impact. We present a practical and effective method for planetary defense which enables extremely short interdiction time scales, but can also operate within longer time scales and can be effective for extremely large threats. Called PI (“Pulverize It”), the method makes use of an array of hypervelocity penetrators which uses the kinetic energy of the asteroid or comet to disrupt it. In the terminal interdiction mode, the fragments of maximum $～10$ m diameter disperse laterally as they continue towards the Earth, and then enter the Earth’s atmosphere where they burn up as a series of airburst events which spatially and temporally de-correlate the energy of the original parent bolide for any arbitrary observer on the ground in the form of acoustical shockwaves and optical pulses. We show that terminal interdiction modes ranging from 2 minutes prior to impact for 20-meter class bolides (such as the Chelyabinsk asteroid), 1 day prior to impact for 100 m-class asteroids, 10 days prior to impact for Apophis-class asteroids ($～370$ m), and even 60 days prior to impact for 1 km-class threats are all possible, though longer warning times are always preferred. Using only technologies readily available today, the PI method allows for a cost-effective and practical roadmap towards robust planetary defense capability.     

旋转爆轰波与涡轮平面叶栅相互作用数值模拟

由于旋转爆轰燃烧室具有自增压特性，可提高热力循环效率，因此将旋转爆轰燃烧室应用于燃气轮机可进一步提高系统的性能。基于非稳态雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方法，采用剪切应力输运k-ω湍流模型，建立旋转爆轰燃烧室与涡轮平面叶栅耦合计算模型，研究旋转爆轰燃烧室内的复杂波系与涡轮叶片的相互作用，分析涡轮叶栅对高频爆轰压力振荡的抑制作用。结果表明：旋转爆轰燃烧室内的燃气在涡轮叶栅内加速，并且在斜激波后的局部区域马赫数的增加更为明显。斜激波与涡轮静转子叶片的前缘、压力面、吸力面以及尾缘相互作用，由于旋转爆轰波不同的传播方向，使得斜激波与静子叶片呈相互垂直或平行，进而形成两种不同的波系结构。涡轮叶栅对高频压力振荡存在明显的抑制作用，涡轮叶栅上下游高频压力振荡幅值的衰减率达到80%以上。研究结果展示了旋转爆轰波作用下涡轮叶栅内复杂波系结构特征，并对基于爆轰燃烧推进技术的应用提供了一定的理论基础。