平台惯性导航位置更新中的改进算法研究

平台惯导系统由于其精度高的优势,在成熟的军用武器和航天设备中仍占有较高比重。导航计算机的运算能力是影响平台惯导实时性和精度的重要因素。本文对比分析了单、双精度浮点处理器计算特性,研究了其对平台惯导导航计算精度的影响;在此基础上,为提高单精度浮点处理器下平台惯性导航精度,提出了将经纬度分解成全量、大量、小量进行运算的改进计算精度的方法,从导航计算原理角度推导了导航计算中经、纬度的改进计算方法。仿真结果表明：改进后的平台惯导计算算法在单精度浮点处理器下,可以在保证运算实时性的同时,有效提高平台惯导精度,水平定位精度提高两个数量级。     

基于卫星共视的罗兰C导航系统原子频标时间同步

介绍了CV技术的基本原理和罗兰C系统原子频标资源的使用状况,并通过引入系统融合和CV技术,对比对数据进行检测校验,最终实现了罗兰C导航系统原子频标与UTC时间基准同步。     

Penetration testing for the Optical Probe for Regolith Analysis (OPRA)

The Optical Probe for Regolith Analysis (OPRA) is a spike-shaped subsurface analytical probe that will be delivered to a planet, asteroid, or cometary body by a lander and/or rover. OPRA will be pushed down into the subsurface to record near infrared spectra as a function of depth down to maximum of 50 cm. Therefore, knowledge of the required penetration force to specific depths can be helpful in estimating the length of the probe. Test probes covering the anticipated diameter (2.5, 1.9, 1.2 and 0.9 cm diameter) and tip angle (T.A. = 30°, 60°, 90° and 120°) of OPRA were inserted mechanically into dry playground sand. The results showed that tip angle does not have a major effect, while probe diameter and density of the regolith are the most important parameters. Increasing probe diameter from 0.9 to 1.9 cm (i.e. a factor of 2) leads to an increase in penetration force from 200 to 1000 N (i.e. a factor of 5) at 20 cm depth. An increase in bulk density (B.D.) from 1550 to 1700 kg m⁻³ leads to an increase in penetration force from 10 to 200 N at 20 cm depth. Bearing capacity theory was used to explain the downward movement of the penetrometer through regolith and showed good agreement with the experimental results. This model was then used to take into account the effect of gravity on other planetary bodies. We observed a good agreement between the theoretical model and results from penetration testings on the Moon by the Apollo missions. Since the maximum allowed force for penetration is the weight of the lander/rover on their targeted planetary surface, our results put a strong constraint on the maximum reachable depth without endangering the whole mission.     

Quasi-biennial oscillation signals in outgoing long-wave radiation of the equator

In the present paper, the authors use wavelet transform technique to study time-series of outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) anomaly at the equator during 1979–2005. The results show that quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) signals exist in the OLR variation and the QBO cycle has remarkable temporal variability in its amplitude and phase. The periodic length of the QBO fluctuation is about 2.2-year before 1986. After that time, the length mainly changes from about 2.4- to 2.6-year. Analyzing the anomaly data set of 850 MB trade wind index (TWI) at west Pacific during this period, we have found that the obvious time-variations characteristics of the QBO cycle also exist in the TWI change at west Pacific and are in good consistence with that of the OLR change. The quasi-biennial fluctuation of the TWI change can explain that of the OLR change to a large extent.     

XY-SAS模型对于分离流动的性能分析

XY-SAS(Xu-Yan-Scale Adaptive Simulation)模型是一种新的基于平均涡量的一方程SAS类模型,不但解决了分离涡模拟DES(Detached Eddy Simulation)的雷诺平均N-S方程RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes)-大涡模拟LES(Large Eddy Simulation)交界面问题,而且计算量远小于早期SAS.通过对XY-SAS模型的机理分析,认为该模型克服了早期SAS模型预测的湍流能谱在高波数衰减不足的缺陷,并在分析的基础上对该模型进行了改进,取消了其限制器.选用平板边界层和方柱绕流作为算例,进一步研究了该模型对于稳态流动和大分离流动的性能,数值模拟结果同实验值符合良好,证明XY-SAS模型自身完备,是预测稳态流动和大尺度分离流动的有效方法,实现了涡粘性系数根据当地流动状态动态地自适应调整和光滑过渡.     

MEMS陀螺标度因数误差分析及分段插值补偿

动态条件下,标度因数引起的误差是MEMS(Micro Electromechanical System)陀螺主要误差源之一.为了提高陀螺精度,基于内框驱动式硅MEMS陀螺误差机理,分析了标度因数常值误差、非线性误差以及不对称误差的物理起因,构建了标度因数误差数学模型,提出了对陀螺标度因数按照角速度大小分段插值的补偿方法,消除了转速引起的陀螺标度因数误差.试验结果表明:MEMS陀螺标度因数误差高达4053.2(°)/h(1 σ ),采用分段插值法补偿后陀螺误差减小到79.0(°)/h(1 σ ),补偿精度比一次拟合及分段法分别提高了15.4倍和7.5倍,验证了MEMS陀螺标度因数误差模型的正确性,证明了标度因数实时分段插值补偿方法的准确性和适用性.      

用于动态称重的一种数据处理方法

概述了动态抓斗秤的数据处理方法，并给出了相应的数学模型。     

地震计量用标准振动台技术总结

本文深入探讨了地震计量用标准振动台研制中台面的失真度、信噪比、横向运动三个主要技术难题及其相应的改进对策。文中的论述对于普通标准振动台的设计也具有一般的指导意义。     

直升机外挂飞行中的飘摆问题

主要研究直升机外挂飞行中，由于操纵方式或直升机的稳定特性及外挂形式等原因，使直升机产生飘摆，飘摆会影响任务的完成及飞行安全、从飘摆的机理出发，重点分析飘摆产生的基本条件及横向飘摆产生的原因，以及县挂点位置、吊索长度、外挂物形状等对直升机和外挂物耦合运动的影响。并给出对飘摆的处置方法和预防措施。为保证飞行安全提供理论基础和实际飞行经验。     

X-ray pulsar-based navigation system with the errors in the planetary ephemerides for Earth-orbiting satellite

The objective of this paper is to investigate and reduce the impact of the errors in the planetary ephemerides on X-ray pulsar-based navigation system for Earth-orbiting satellite. Expressions of the system biases caused by the errors in the planetary ephemerides are derived. The result of investigation has shown that the impact of the error in Earth’s ephemeris is must greater than the errors in the other ephemerides and would greatly degrade the performance of X-ray pulsar-based navigation system. Moreover, the system bias is modeled as a slowly time-varying process, and is handled by including it as a part of navigation state vector. It has been demonstrated that the proposed navigation system is completely observable, and some simulations are performed to verify its feasibility.