霍尔推力器振荡问题的研究综述

自前苏联1971年将霍尔推力器成功地应用以来,霍尔推力器以其优异的性能,在卫星 轨道保持和变轨运行过程中成为最佳动力装置之一,由于霍尔推力器自身工作原理所产生的 等离子体振荡,其频率从几十kHz到几GHz,包含推力器中各种物理现象、与推力器中粒子电 离、加速、传导等等离子体微观物理过程息息相关,一直是该领域的研究热点和焦点问题。 系统总结了各国主要研究机构对于霍尔推力器振荡问题的理论和实验研究成果,结合自 身对霍尔推力器等离子体振荡物理过程的认识,分析了目前尚待解决的振荡问题,对于进一 步深入研究霍尔推力器的等离子体振荡问题具有一定借鉴意义。     

压力振荡环境下液滴非平衡蒸发过程的理论分析及试验研究

对压力振荡环境下液滴蒸发过程进行了理论分析与试验研究。结果表明,压力振荡会引起液滴周围表面边界层内蒸气质量分数的振荡,从而导致由扩散控制的蒸发速率发生振荡。此外,压力下降引起的气相场内力的不平衡会驱动蒸气从边界层内流入气相场,使蒸发速率的最大值出现在压力下降的过程中,试验研究结果和理论分析所得结论吻合较好。     

The dust content of clusters of galaxies

We have statistically investigated the infrared luminosity of clusters of galaxies in comparison with the known tracers of the cluster mass like the X-ray luminosity and the cluster richness (e.g. the number of member galaxies). Our results show that there is a clear positive correlation of the infrared luminosity with the cluster mass. Quantitatively speaking, the infrared luminosity is on average 20 times higher than the X-ray luminosity. Moreover, the infrared luminosity increases with the redshift. This probably shows that a major part of this infrared luminosity is due to star formation in the member galaxies. Another possible contribution would be the thermal emission from dust particles in the diffuse intracluster medium. However our method does not allow us to infer conclusions about this second hypothesis. Depending on their size and abundance, such particles would contribute to the infrared luminosity of galaxy cluster and have an impact on the cooling function of the baryons and thus on the formation of the large scale structures. This is an important cosmological question which still remains open.     

模型燃烧室湍流亚网格尺度模型

分别采用Smagorinsky-Lilly和k方程亚网格尺度模型,在任意曲线坐标系下对模型燃烧室湍流流场进行大涡模拟.分别用QUICK和二阶隐式差分格式离散控制方程及其时间项,并用SIMPLE算法进行求解.计算结果与PIV测量数据比较表明:大涡模拟方法能较好模拟旋流器后面回流区的瞬态变化,两种亚网格尺度模型都能较好模拟湍流流动,但k方程亚网格尺度模型稍优于Smagorinsky-Lilly亚网格尺度模型,因此采用k方程亚网格模型更适用于大涡模拟实际燃烧室复杂湍流流场.     

解大规模无约束优化的新有限储存对称秩1校正算法

提出了一个新的有限储存对称秩1校正算法,该算法把自适应调比对称秩1校正与有限储存、非单调线搜索技术相结合。算法中的下降方向由有限储存逆自适应调比对称秩1校正产生从而简化计算。将算法与著名的LBFGS进行了数值比较,结果表明,新算法能较好地解一类大规模无约束优化问题。     

Analysis technology and experiment for FGH96 disc＇s LCF life

分析FGH96涡轮盘的尺寸效应,分析了分别适合于FGH96亚尺寸盘和全尺寸盘的低循环疲劳寿命预测方法．成功设计了FGH96亚尺寸盘、全尺寸裂纹扩展盘试验件;通过低循环疲劳试验,展现了两种不同的低循环疲劳失效机理,验证了提出的低循环疲劳寿命预测方法;通过裂纹扩展试验,获得了FGH96全尺寸轮盘的裂纹扩展特性,揭示了FGH96全尺寸涡轮盘与紧凑拉伸试样裂纹扩展特性具有显著差别的客观规律;获得FGH96全尺寸涡轮盘580℃损伤容限值,明确某发动机高压涡轮盘损伤容限水平．     

Unsteady Flow Variability Driven by Rotor-stator Interaction at Rotor Exit

Numerical investigation of the unsteady flow variability driven by rotorstator interaction in a transonic axial compressor is performed. Two models with close and far axial gap between rotor and stator rows are studied in the simulation. Particular attention is attached to the analysis of mechanisms involved in driving rotor wake oscillation, rotor wake skewing and flow angle fluctuation at rotor exit. The results show that smaller axial gap is favorable to enhance the interaction in the region between two adjacent rows, and the fluctuation of the static pressure difference between two sides of rotor wake is improved by potential field from down stator, which is the driving force for rotor wake oscillation. The interaction between rotor and stator is weakened by increasing axial distance, rotor wake shifts to suction side of rotor blade with 5%-10% of rotor pitch, the absolute value of flow angle at rotor exit is less than that in the case of close interspace for every time step, and the fluctuation amplitude is also decreased.     

Toward a global space exploration program: A stepping stone approach

In response to the growing importance of space exploration in future planning, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Panel on Exploration (PEX) was chartered to provide independent scientific advice to support the development of exploration programs and to safeguard the potential scientific assets of solar system objects. In this report, PEX elaborates a stepwise approach to achieve a new level of space cooperation that can help develop world-wide capabilities in space science and exploration and support a transition that will lead to a global space exploration program. The proposed stepping stones are intended to transcend cross-cultural barriers, leading to the development of technical interfaces and shared legal frameworks and fostering coordination and cooperation on a broad front. Input for this report was drawn from expertise provided by COSPAR Associates within the international community and via the contacts they maintain in various scientific entities. The report provides a summary and synthesis of science roadmaps and recommendations for planetary exploration produced by many national and international working groups, aiming to encourage and exploit synergies among similar programs. While science and technology represent the core and, often, the drivers for space exploration, several other disciplines and their stakeholders (Earth science, space law, and others) should be more robustly interlinked and involved than they have been to date. The report argues that a shared vision is crucial to this linkage, and to providing a direction that enables new countries and stakeholders to join and engage in the overall space exploration effort. Building a basic space technology capacity within a wider range of countries, ensuring new actors in space act responsibly, and increasing public awareness and engagement are concrete steps that can provide a broader interest in space exploration, worldwide, and build a solid basis for program sustainability. By engaging developing countries and emerging space nations in an international space exploration program, it will be possible to create a critical bottom-up support structure to support program continuity in the development and execution of future global space exploration frameworks. With a focus on stepping stones, COSPAR can support a global space exploration program that stimulates scientists in current and emerging spacefaring nations, and that will invite those in developing countries to participate—pursuing research aimed at answering outstanding questions about the origins and evolution of our solar system and life on Earth (and possibly elsewhere). COSPAR, in cooperation with national and international science foundations and space-related organizations, will advocate this stepping stone approach to enhance future cooperative space exploration efforts.     

Proposal for a multiple-asteroid-flyby mission with sample return

Asteroid exploration provides a new approach to study the formation of the solar system and the planetary evolution. Choosing a suitable target and designing of feasible profile for asteroid mission are challenging due to constraints such as scientific value and technical feasibility. This paper investigates a feasible mission scenario among the potential candidates of multiple flybys and sample return missions. First, a group of potential candidates are selected by considering the physical properties and accessibility of asteroids, for the sample return missions. Second, the feasible mission scenarios for multiple flybys and sample return missions to various spectral-type asteroids are investigated. We present the optimized design of preliminary interplanetary transfer trajectory for two kinds of missions. One is the single sample return mission to asteroids with various spectral types. The other is the multiple flybys and sample return mission to several asteroids. In order to find the optimal profiles, the planetary swing-by technique and Differential Evolution algorithm are used.     

热毛细对流模式转换及温度振荡特征

研究了矩形液池中由于两端温差引起的热毛细对流的温度振荡临界条件.在实验室中,设计了一个高分辨率的温度测量系统,用于实时观测并记录流体的温度.该系统主要由热电偶温度传感器、纳伏表和数据采集电脑3部分组成.得到了各种实验条件下温度振荡的临界条件,并且讨论了它与Prandtl数和Bond数之间的关系.利用flow3d软件数值模拟了微重力条件下的热毛细对流,发现了一种由于自由面变形和液层流场相互作用导致的晃荡的现象.