Simulating planetary wave propagation to the upper atmosphere during stratospheric warming events at different mountain wave scenarios

Parameterization schemes of atmospheric normal modes (NMs) and orographic gravity waves (OGWs) have been implemented into the mechanistic Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) simulating atmospheric general circulation. Based on the 12-members ensemble of runs with the MUAM, a composite of the stratospheric warming (SW) has been constructed using the UK Met Office data as the lower boundary conditions. The simulation results show that OGW amplitudes increase at altitudes above 30 km in the Northern Hemisphere after the SW event. At altitudes of about 50 km, OGWs have largest amplitudes over North American and European mountain systems before and during the composite SW, and over Himalayas after the SW. Simulations demonstrate substantial (up to 50–70%) variations of amplitudes of stationary planetary waves (PWs) during and after the SW in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. Westward travelling NMs have amplitude maxima not only in the Northern, but also in the Southern Hemisphere, where these modes have waveguides in the middle and upper atmosphere. Simulated variations of PW and NM amplitudes correspond to changes in the mean zonal wind, EP-fluxes and wave refractive index at different phases of the composite SW events. Inclusion of the parameterization of OGW effects leads to decreases in amplitudes (up to 15%) of almost all SPWs before and after the SW event and their increase (up to 40–60%) after the SW in the stratosphere and mesosphere at middle and high northern latitudes. It is suggested that observed changes in NM amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere during SW could be caused by divergence of increased southward EP-flux. This EP-flux increases due to OGW drag before SW and extends into the Southern Hemisphere.     

Plasma transport process in the equatorial/low-latitude ionosphere

The behaviour of the equatorial/low-latitude ionosphere and the transport processes during magnetic disturbed and quiet periods of a high solar activity year, 2014, in the American sector are investigated. Parameters used include vertical drift (Vz), transport term (W), NmF2, hmF2 and scale-height (H). The F2 plasma variations followed the diurnal local solar pattern, being higher at daytime. The sunset maximum and sunrise minimum peaks of hmF2 were directly opposite to the scale height (H) pattern. The plasma distribution was basically controlled by combined actions of the electrodynamic convection/thermospheric composition, which is geomagnetic activity dependent. The annual, semi-annual and winter-anomalies of the F2 parameters were higher at the dip equator in comparison with the low-latitude. The Vz pre-reversal peak magnitude coincided with hmF2 peak and the effects are more pronounced during geomagnetic disturbed conditions. The transport term pattern was similar to that of the scale height and it is suggested as a proxy parameter for quantifying low-latitude plasma irregularities and distribution of thermospheric composition.     

超宽带变频系统中的本振产生技术研究

本振源是超宽带变频系统中的核心部件，本文以超宽带上变频系统为例，介绍变频系统中本振信号的产生技术。本文所设计的超宽带变频系统，经过三次上变频，可将(0.8~2.8)GHz 的低频信号变换至（0.5~40）GHz。变频过程中需要一系列点频本振和一组宽带本振，基于PLL+DFS 的方法产生点频本振，基于DDS+DFS 的方式产生宽带本振。     

A drilling tool design and in situ identification of planetary regolith mechanical parameters

The physical and mechanical properties as well as the heat flux of regolith are critical evidence in the study of planetary origin and evolution. Moreover, the mechanical properties of planetary regolith have great value for guiding future human planetary activities. For planetary subsurface exploration, an inchworm boring robot (IBR) has been proposed to penetrate the regolith, and the mechanical properties of the regolith are expected to be simultaneously investigated during the penetration process using the drilling tool on the IBR. This paper provides a preliminary study of an in situ method for measuring planetary regolith mechanical parameters using a drilling tool on a test bed. A conical-screw drilling tool was designed, and its drilling load characteristics were experimentally analyzed. Based on the drilling tool-regolith interaction model, two identification methods for determining the planetary regolith bearing and shearing parameters are proposed. The bearing and shearing parameters of lunar regolith simulant were successfully determined according to the pressure-sinkage tests and shear tests conducted on the test bed. The effects of the operating parameters on the identification results were also analyzed. The results indicate a feasible scheme for future planetary subsurface exploration.     

Stall flutter prediction based on multi-layer GRU neural network

The modeling of dynamic stall aerodynamics is essential to stall flutter, due to the flow separation in a large-amplitude pitching oscillation process. A newly neural network based Reduced Order Model (ROM) framework for predicting the aerodynamic forces of an airfoil undergoing large-amplitude pitching oscillation at various velocities is presented in this work. First, the dynamic stall aerodynamics is calculated by solving RANS equations and the transitional SST-γ model. Afterwards, the stall flutter bifurcation behavior is calculated by the above CFD solver coupled with structural dynamic equation. The critical flutter speed and limit-cycle oscillation amplitudes are consistent with those obtained by experiments. A newly multi-layer Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural network based ROM is constructed to accelerate the calculation of aerodynamic forces. The training and validation process are carried out upon the unsteady aerodynamic data obtained by the proposed CFD method. The well-trained ROM is then coupled with the structure equation at a specific velocity, the Limit-Cycle Oscillation (LCO) of stall flutter under this flow condition is predicted precisely and more quickly. In order to predict both the critical flutter velocity and LCO amplitudes after bifurcation at different velocities, a new ROM with GRU neural network considering the variation of flow velocities is developed. The stall flutter results predicted by ROM agree well with the CFD ones at different velocities. Finally, a brief sensitivity analysis of two structural parameters of ROM is carried out. It infers the potential of the presented modeling method to depict the nonlinearity of dynamic stall and stall flutter phenomenon.     

颤振板的极限环振动

本文研究了在匀速气流中悬臂板的极限环振动。采用冯·卡门大挠度板理论和准定常空气动力,应用瑞雷-里兹法导出悬臂颤振板的非线性振动的计算方程。并提出一组模态函数展开式用于拉格朗日方程,从而确定随时间历程的极限环振动和颤振边界。计算表明,模态展开式具有收敛性,板的长宽比对极限环振幅有显著影响。     

飞行控制系统对驾驶员诱发振荡的影响

着重从飞行控制系统角度谈有人驾驶飞机的驾驶员诱发振荡问题,分析了系统杆力、传动比、间隙、摩擦力以及飞控伺服作动器对驾驶员诱发振荡的影响,用矢量图简明地反映飞机产生驾驶员诱发振荡的可能性和趋势。对飞机飞行控制系统的设计和对驾驶员诱发振荡现象的分析、处理有参考价值。     

压力振荡对气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的影响

为了研究供应系统振荡对气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的影响,采用水和空气作为模拟介质,开展了室压条件下冷态喷雾试验。通过试验分析了供应系统有/无振荡两种情况下离心式喷嘴的喷雾形态,以及供应系统有/无振荡两种情况下气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的喷雾形态。发现当离心式喷嘴供应系统振荡时,离心式喷嘴产生的锥形液膜也周期性地振荡,同时出现Klystron效应。液膜周期性振荡以及Klystron效应出现的频率与供应系统振荡频率一致。Klystron效应的出现使得喷雾锥角突然减小,锥形液膜发生折叠。供应系统振荡对自激振荡喷雾形态也有显著影响。供应系统振荡引起的Klystron效应使得液膜锥角减小,从而造成"圣诞树"型自激振荡喷雾上的"树枝"增多,同时自激振荡频率增加。这是因为当速度大的液膜追上速度小的液膜时,就会产生Klystron效应并使液膜速度增加。而液膜运动速度越大自激振荡频率也就越大。虽然在供应系统中施加激励没有发生"锁频"现象,但是自激振荡的强度在一定程度上减弱,并且伴随着自激振荡的"分频"现象,即自激振荡频率从一个主频向两侧分化为两个主频。     

基于极线几何的统计优化特征匹配算法

针对基于特征点的图像匹配中匹配数目不多以及重复结构下匹配较差等问题,提出了一种基于极线几何的统计优化特征匹配算法。利用正确匹配特征点之间满足对极约束的特点,从而可以减小特征点搜索区域,避免由于重复结构引起的误匹配对。首先使用一个小的特征点样本估计图像之间的基本矩阵,并利用它结合对极约束模型来引导特征匹配;然后利用基于特征点主方向和尺度信息的统计优化方法进一步消除误匹配,得到最终匹配结果。实验结果表明,该算法对图像的旋转和缩放变换具有良好的鲁棒性,匹配精度和数目有了很大提升,对于具有重复结构的图像匹配效果也较好。