航天功能防护涂层设计与调控

随着航空航天技术的不断发展,航天材料在使用过程中会面临更加复杂苛刻的服役环境,研究出具有高硬度、高耐磨性、高耐腐蚀性等不同防护功能的涂层材料成为当前的研究重点.本文系统归纳和评述了润滑涂层、耐磨涂层与耐蚀涂层材料的研究进展,主要包括DLC薄膜、MoS2薄膜、氮化物涂层、石墨烯基涂料等.在此基础上并探讨了复合、梯度多层、...     

超高温抗氧化碳陶复合材料研究进展

综述了国内外近年来陶瓷涂层抗氧化改性C/ C 复合材料和陶瓷基体抗氧化C/ C 复合材料研究

与应用的新进展, 主要包括1 800℃以下、1 800 ~2 200℃和2 200℃以上不同使用温度范围的抗氧化陶瓷涂层

以及SiC 陶瓷和超高温陶瓷基体改性复合材料。指出了目前高超声速飞行器2 200℃以上超高温抗氧化热防

护材料研究中存在的问题,提出了今后研究的方向。

     

多重保护的传感器用线性稳压电源设计

设计了一种适用于为传感器供电的线性稳压电源,可以兼容24 VDC和220 VAC供电,解决了传感器交、直流供电兼容性问题,同时具备输入过压保护、输出过压保护、输出限流保护等多重保护功能,很大程度上提高了传感器的通用性和安全性。从理论设计和仿真分析两方面阐述了电源各部分的工作原理,以及针对特定参数的优化、调整方法,最终通过试验验证了设计的合理性。     

Optimal crater landmark selection based on optical navigation performance factors for planetary landing

Planetary craters are natural navigation landmarks that widely exist and are easily observed. Optical navigation based on crater landmarks has become an important autonomous navigation method for planetary landing. Due to the increase in observed crater landmarks and the limitation of onboard computation, the selection of good crater landmarks has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of landmark-based optical navigation. This paper designs a fast crater landmark selection method, which not only considers the configuration observability of crater subsets but also focuses on the influence on navigation performance arising from the measurement uncertainty and the matching confidence of craters, which is different from other landmark selection methods. The factor of measurement uncertainty, which is anisotropic, correlated and nonidentically distributed, is quantified and integrated into selection based on crater pairing detection and localization error evaluation. In addition, the concept of the crater matching confidence factor is introduced, which reflects the possibility of 2D projection measurements corresponding to 3D positions. Combined with the configuration observability factor, the crater landmark selection indicator is formed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

远地点发动机热防护模型

针对多参数、强热耦合发动机热防护模型修正的难题,通过分析系统的传热特点,提出热环境分级、热参数分类的单参数调试方法.通过分析传热关系,将系统分为两级热环境;在每级热环境中仅调节几个参数,减少了调试工作量.通过分析热阻网络,确定了待定参数;通过分析参数的影响程度,确定参数的修正顺序.以具有代表性的两颗导航卫星为研究对象,...     

The day-to-day variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere in low latitudes: A study using MF radar

This study presents the analysis of planetary waves (PWs) using daily mean wind velocities for four years (August 2013 to July 2017) of continuous measurements using MF radar over the low latitude Indian region Kolhapur (16.8° N; 74.2° E). The MF radar at Kolhapur was upgraded in 2013. These are the first results of PWs after the upgradation of MF radar. The seasonal and intra-seasonal variabilities of East-West (EW) traveling PWs in the MLT region have been studied. In the present work, the data was analyzed to study the waves with various periodicities (e.g. 3–4, 5–8, 15–17, and 30–60 days). The 3.5 day [Ultra-Fast Kelvin (UFK)] wave shows semiannual variability with burst like wave activity observed during the summer months and December solstice. In addition, it is observed to be stronger in the spring equinoctial period. A strong semiannual oscillation (SAO) has been observed in a 6.5-day wave with peaks near the equinoxes. Similar to SAO over the low latitude MLT region, the wave activity is stronger in April/May than in September/October. The 6.5-day waves are observed to be stronger when the background mean wind is westward. From the analysis, it has been seen that the period before and after the equinoctial period is favorable for the 6.5-day wave propagation. The 16-day wave has no significant seasonal dependence; instead, the waves spread to almost all seasons. The Madden-Julian Oscillations (MJOs) have been observed to be propagating with an average wind speed of ～ 5 m/s when the background mean wind is eastward. The occurrence of MJO is observed during the summer and winter months. These results are the first of their kind in two aspects: first, they show the PWs with enhanced altitude coverage covering up to 110 km, and second, they show the PWs not contaminated due to equatorial electro jet influence.     

一种航天接口芯片静电防护电路的软击穿现象

接口阻抗测试是航天产品中对产品状态是否正常来进行判断的常用方法。在航天产品应用中，通常认为接口芯片阻抗测试异常即代表该接口芯片已经失效。本文针对一种LVDS接口发送芯片由静电导致阻抗测试异常，但功能正常的现象进行分析。在元器件失效分析的基础上，定位静电损伤的位置为芯片内部静电防护电路，从而建立了对应的电路模型，对芯片静电损伤的现象进行理论分析。分析说明：该芯片在被静电打击时，其静电防护电路中一个NMOS管受损，但该电路保护了芯片的功能电路，被击穿的NMOS管等效为一个电阻，因此导致阻抗测试异常，但芯片功能电路未受损的现象，为静电软击穿现象。且可认为该芯片在受静电影响后并未失效，相关电路仍具有正常工作的能力。即阻抗异常现象并不是芯片失效的充分条件。     

复合材料气瓶热防护材料隔热性能试验研究

以复合材料气瓶热防护材料的耐高温及隔热性能为研究对象，通过真空舱模拟上面级飞行段的真空环境，采用石英灯阵模拟热源，对两种热防护方案开展真空热试验，分析了不同材料（组合）、多层隔热组件不同单元的隔热性能及其差异产生的原因。结果表明两种防热方案都可使气瓶壁面温度满足不超过70 ℃的温度要求，其中“柔性隔热毡+中温多层”组合防热结构的耐温和隔热性能更优，并通过理论计算与试验值对比验证了热仿真计算中的不确定性，试验结果可为后续型号防热设计提供参考。     

基于深度强化学习的复杂地形适应机器人设计与实验

针对行星表面轻量化自主探测任务，基于仿生思想设计了一种仿海胆结构的十二足球形机器人，其具备自主改变构型以贴合复杂地形的能力，可实现无倾覆、高容错的全向运动；基于数据驱动方法，对该机器人设计了一种数据高效的无模型强化学习运动策略，可实现无先验知识的从0到1步态训练以及步态的实物样机快速部署。通过在平面地形和非结构化地形中对其进行仿真实验，验证了经过训练的机器人具备自主运动、适应非结构地形等能力；通过与常用基准策略进行对比，证实了本文提出的运动策略具有训练高效、鲁棒性好的优势；最后通过开发原理样机，开展实物实验验证了仿真环境中所生成的步态在真实物理环境中的动力学可行性。     

基于气凝胶的防隔热一体化材料研究进展北大核心CSCD

新型高速飞行器的快速发展对热防护系统提出了更高要求,基于气凝胶的防隔热一体化材料对提升热防护系统的防隔热性能和结构效率有重要意义。本文基于防热层材料的不同,分类概述了基于气凝胶的防隔热一体化材料的研究进展、结构形式和性能特点,并简要阐述未来防隔热一体化材料发展需要解决的问题。