基于混杂系统的空间飞行器悬停控制

基于空间飞行器的轨道动力学原理,利用混杂系统模型研究了悬停轨道问题,建立了悬停轨道的混杂系统模型;借此模型,针对目标星轨道为椭圆的情况,提出了等距离悬停轨道控制和椭圆悬停轨道控制两种方案,分别推导出在这两种方案下对悬停星所施加的控制力。数值仿真结果表明,分别对悬停星施加相应的控制力,能够实现对目标星的悬停。     

The MESSENGER Science Operations Center

The MESSENGER Science Operations Center (SOC) is an integrated set of subsystems and personnel whose purpose is to obtain, provide, and preserve the scientific measurements and analysis that fulfill the objectives of the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission. The SOC has two main functional areas. The first is to facilitate science instrument planning and operational activities, including related spacecraft guidance and control operations, and to work closely with the Mission Operations Center to implement those plans. The second functional area, data management and analysis, involves the receipt of science-related telemetry, reformatting and cataloging this telemetry and related ancillary information, retaining the science data for use by the MESSENGER Science Team, and preparing data archives for delivery to the Planetary Data System; and the provision of operational assistance to the instrument and science teams in executing their algorithms and generating higher-level data products.     

Conversations on the Habitability of Worlds: The Importance of Volatiles

Our scientific forefathers discuss the interrelationships between water, climate, the atmosphere, and life on Earth and other terrestrial planets at a workshop in Nichtchatel, Switzerland.     

Metallic and Oxidized Aluminum Debris Impacting the Trailing Edge of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF)

A total of 87 microcraters >30 m in diameter that were found in gold substrates exposed on the trailing edge of the non-spinning Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) yielded analyzable projectile residues in their interiors. Using qualitative SEM-EDS analysis methods, some 60 of these craters were formed by natural cosmic-dust particles, while 27 residues (31%) were assigned to orbital debris (Hörz et al., 1993). The far majority of the orbital-debris impacts, 24 (89%) of the 27 events, contained only aluminum in their X-ray spectra. The present study evaluates these aluminum-rich residues in detail and employs a windowless X-ray detector, which permits for the analysis of low-Z elements and specifically of oxygen. This makes it possible to discriminate between oxidized (Al₂O₃) and metallic (Al) projectiles from dramatically different sources, the former produced during solid-fuel rocket firings, the latter resulting from explosively or collisionally disrupted spacecraft.Of the 24 craters analyzed with the windowless detector, 13 (54%) contained Al₂O₃ and 11 (46%) yielded structurally disintegrated Al metal. The oxidized residues preferentially occur in the smaller craters, all <60 m in diameter. Corresponding particles on LDEF's trailing edge are <35 m in diameter. Some 70% of this particle population is composed of Al₂O₃. Although solid-fuel rocket exhaust products are typically <5 m in size, they tend to coagulate into crusts at the rocket nozzle to be shed occasionally as relatively large, aggregate particles. Structurally disintegrated, metallic fragments compose one-third of all particles <35 m, but they dominate all particles >35 m, and thus all craters >60 m. These findings clearly establish that solid-rocket exhaust particles, as well as explosively or collisionally produced debris, exist in low-inclination, high-eccentricity orbits in sufficient quantities that they must be accounted for in models describing the present and future orbital-debris population at typical Shuttle and Space Station altitudes.     

圆轨道欠驱动航天器编队重构脉冲控制

针对圆轨道径向或迹向欠驱动航天器编队重构控制问题,提出了欠驱动脉冲控制方法。首先,基于圆轨道欠驱动航天器相对运动动力学模型,分析了两类欠驱动条件下的系统可控性和重构可行性。然后,解析推导了两类欠驱动条件下实现重构所需的最少脉冲次数以及对应的速度增量消耗。最后,设计数值仿真算例,验证了本文提出的欠驱动脉冲控制方法的正确性。仿真结果表明:径向和迹向欠驱动条件下均可实现圆轨道编队重构。与全驱动控制方法相比,欠驱动控制方法可有效避免由推力器故障引起的重构任务失效,故而提高了控制系统的灵活性与可靠性。     

行星着陆自主导航地形特征综合优化方法

针对行星着陆光学导航方案优化问题,提出了一种基于可观测度的导航地形特征综合优化方法.该方法首先利用星表形貌图像信息建立不同几何特性特征的测量方程,基于可观测度矩阵和Fisher信息矩阵分析导航系统的可观测度和估计误差下限,揭示特征位置和数量与导航系统性能间的关系,在此基础上以导航系统可观测度和估计误差下限为评价指标分别...     

1980年中层大气温度波空间特征的初步分析

利用1980年Nimbus-7卫星网络点资料(温度场)对中层大气行星波的空间结构进行诊断和分析后发现,行星波扰动主要集中于冬半球,夏半球及赤道地区上空的扰动则相对较弱,但也不可忽视.冬半球行星波扰动中的瞬变波部分可以跨过赤道向夏半球传播,且传播主要集中于20kin和70km两个高度层附近.波数1冬季以准定常行里波为主,夏季瞬变行星波与准定常行星波波幅相当.行星波扰动的波幅从冬到夏的衰减主要表现在波数1和波数2上,波数3变化不大.      

空间太阳电池板银互连片原子氧效应模拟试验

空间太阳电池板可作为空间飞行器的动力源,但由于原子氧在空间太阳电池板银互连片上的腐蚀作用,可能影响空间太阳电池板的有效寿命.因此,在北航流体所设计的原子氧效应地面模拟试验设备中,对空间太阳电池板的银互连片进行了抗原子氧效应地面模拟试验研究.获得了银箔和不同防护镀层材料在原子氧环境中的不同剥蚀结果,这为进行银互连片表面的原子氧防护提供了必要的应用和设计依据.     

地面力学在火星壤力学参数估计研究中的 进展与展望

掌握火星土壤的力学参数是保障火星车顺利完成巡视探测的关键。通过对已成功开展的火星巡视探测任务进行汇总，探讨了复杂火星地貌对火星车移动性能的影响，分析了基于地面力学理论的火星土壤力学参数估计方法，包括：基于车轮的火星壤在轨力学参数估计方法和基于轮壤力学模型的力学参数辨识方法。最后，对未来关于地面力学在星壤力学参数评估进行了探讨。     

Two-dimensional phase plane structure and the stability of the orbital motion for space debris in the geosynchronous ring

Based on the orbital resonance model, we study the two-dimensional phase plane structure of the motion of space debris orbiting the geosynchronous ring under the combined effects of the tesseral harmonics J₂₂, J₃₁ and J₃₃ of the Earth’s gravitational field. We present the main characteristic parameters of the two-dimensional phase plane structure. We also analyze the stability of the two-dimensional phase plane structure with numerical method. Our main findings indicate that the combined effects of the tesseral harmonics J₂₂, J₃₁ and J₃₃ fully determine the two-dimensional phase plane structure of the space debris, and it remains robust under the effect of the Earth’s actual gravitational field, the luni-solar perturbations and the solar radiation pressure with the normal area-to-mass ratios.