碳纤维增强复合材料结构阻尼性能研究

碳纤维增强复合材料的阻尼性能对所应用结构的动态承载能力、可靠性和安全性有重要影响。复合材料阻尼机理复杂,很难采用理论方法研究。本文基于瞬态激励法原理,设计了悬臂梁振动试验,利用有理分式多项式法提取试样的模态频率和模态损耗因子。分别对603和603A两种树脂基体,各三种T300纤维铺层方向的复合材料试样进行了振动测试,获得了材料1 kHz以内的动刚度和阻尼特性。结果表明,基体材料组分和纤维铺层方向对碳纤维增强复合材料的结构刚度和阻尼性能有重要影响;603A基体的碳纤维增强复合材料具有较603基体材料更好的损耗因子。铺层方向对结构阻尼的影响主要是通过对结构刚度的影响而体现出来的,不同纤维铺层方向的复合材料试样刚度差别很大。     

超薄碳纤维预浸料复合材料国内外发展现状和趋势

超薄碳纤维预浸料复合材料是近年来复合材料研究的新趋势,国内超薄碳纤维预浸料复合材料的相关研究起步较晚,研究方向单一,系统地总结归纳有助于未来研究方向的调整与研究目的的明确.本文综述了2000年至今国内外大部分超薄碳纤维预浸料与常规碳纤维预浸料复合材料的对比试验,包括无损拉伸试验、开孔拉伸试验、无损压缩试验、机械连接试验、冲击试验、疲劳试验以及环境影响等,通过对比分析认为:薄层化后的预浸料复合材料在抗裂纹萌发和裂纹扩展方面具有显著的性能优势,从而影响了碳纤维预浸料复合材料成品的各项性能参数,表明超薄碳纤维预浸料复合材料优异的应用前景.     

基于Kriging模型的风洞应变天平静态校准方法

本文提出了一种基于Kriging代理模型的风洞应变天平静态校准方法。采用拉丁超立方设计的试验设计（DOE）方法选取校准加载点,以六分量组合加载技术为支撑,采用一阶回归基函数和EXP关联函数对校准数据构建Kriging模型,以电压信号增量和其他条件变量为自变量,通过Kriging模型对天平所受载荷进行预测。校准结果表明,与传统的OFAT（One Factor at A Time）校准方法相比,该方法具有相同的准度,加载点数量极大减少。将该方法应用于某矢量喷管推力测量天平的校准工作中,以通气流量和天平电压信号增量作为自变量,较好预测了喷管产生的推力,解决了传统校准方法难以克服的通气影响问题。     

SA一方程湍流模型参数影响分析与辨识

SA(Spalart-Allmaras)一方程湍流模型是目前工程湍流计算中主要采用的湍流模型之一。首先,针对某典型战斗机的小攻角、中等攻角、大攻角流动工况,利用均匀试验设计方法分析SA一方程模型中8个参数取值对上述工况下飞机升力和阻力系数计算结果的影响规律;然后,建立工程湍流模型参数的辨识方法,并将其用于该战斗机大攻角工况下湍流模型参数cb1值的辨识调整。结果表明:不同工况下,湍流模型参数对计算结果的影响规律不同;在附着流状态下,对升力和阻力影响较大的参数是cv1和cb1;在中等攻角和较大攻角下,对升力和阻力影响较大的参数是cb1;适当减小参数cb1的取值后,升力和阻力系数的计算结果有较明显的改善,这可能与飞机大攻角分离流场中涡粘系数和剪切应力的发展与自由剪切流存在一定差异有关。     

基于Kriging模型的翼型气动性能优化设计

将基于Kriging模型的近似技术引入气动优化设计。通过计算两个测试函数的全局极值以及翼型几何形状的重构,比较了基于Kriging模型的优化方法与传统的梯度类优化方法、标准遗传算法的特点。结果表明基于近似模型的优化方法不仅全局性良好,而且有效节约了计算资源。用此方法进行了翼型的气动优化设计,目标函数为来流马赫数为0.7、攻角为3°时升阻比最大。设计结果表明,与参考翼型相比,优化翼型升阻比提高了81%,而翼型截面积减少不到1%,优化效果非常明显。     

弹性支承下弧齿锥齿轮齿面接触特性的理论与实验研究

航空发动机采用弹性支承后,转子弹性变形会造成主传动弧齿锥齿轮相对位置的变化,从而影响齿面接触性能。针对某型涡喷发动机转子系统,分析求解了弹性支承下齿轮安装处的变形,并将其等效地转化为齿轮副间的安装距偏差,在此基础上,完成了弧齿锥齿轮齿面接触特性分析。在转子系统模拟试验台上,对发动机主传动锥齿轮接触性能进行了实验研究。分析与实验结果同时表明支承刚度对齿面接触区和传动误差皆有很大影响。     

Optimization and Sizing for Propulsion System of Liquid Rocket Using Genetic Algorithm

Flight vehicle conceptual design appears to be a promising area for application of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an approach to help to automate part of the design process. This computational research effort strives to develop a propulsion system design strategy for liquid rocket to optimize take-off mass, satisfying the mission range under the constraint of axial overload. The method by which this process is accomplished by using GA as optimizer is outlined in this paper. Convergence of GA is improved by introducing initial population based on Design of Experiments Technique.     

离心压气机通流/造型/CFD参数化优化设计集成反问题方法

在自主开发的离心压气机通流/造型反问题设计程序的基础上, 发展了一套离心压气机的通流/造型/CFD于优化设计程序系统下集成的反问题方法, 建立了离心压气机的参数化优化设计平台.采用“试验设计+响应曲面模型+近似优化”的快速优化算法, 对一个10 daN推力级微型涡喷发动机的离心压气机进行了多准则气动优化.结果表明, 这种过程集成的快速优化方法是很有效的.      

Longitudinal distribution of thermospheric densities and ionization rates in the upper atmosphere of Mars at mid-latitude using MGS ACC data

The Accelerometer Experiment (ACC) onboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) measured 1600 density profiles in the upper atmosphere of Mars during aerobraking. These measurements reveal large-scale and small-scale structure in the thermosphere of Mars. Here, the measurements of mass density for 115 orbits (#P0670–P0789) from November 1 to 30, 1998, under spring equinox and medium solar activity conditions (average F_10.7 ∼ 137) during phase 2 of the aerobraking in the thermosphere of Mars at different altitudes and longitudes are presented for northern mid-latitude (17–42°N) in the dayside atmosphere using ACC onboard MGS. From these mass densities, the neutral densities of different gases are derived from their mixing ratios. Using these neutral densities, the longitudinal distribution of photoionization rates and photoelectron impact ionization rates are calculated at wavelength range 1–102.57 nm due to EUV and soft X-ray radiation under photochemical controlled region using Analytical Yield Spectrum approach (AYS). These conditions are appropriate for MGS Phase 2 aerobraking period from which the accelerometer data is used. Under the photochemical equilibrium condition, the electron density near the peak varies as the square root of the total peak ionization rate. Using this fact, an attempt is being made to estimate the mean primary and secondary peak electron density by averaging the longitudinal variations of total peak ionization rates in the northern mid-latitude (17–42°N) ionosphere of Mars, as there is no radio science measurement at this latitude region by MGS.     

MESSENGER and the Chemistry of Mercury’s Surface

The instrument suite on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft is well suited to address several of Mercury’s outstanding geochemical problems. A combination of data from the Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS) and X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS) instruments will yield the surface abundances of both volatile (K) and refractory (Al, Ca, and Th) elements, which will test the three competing hypotheses for the origin of Mercury’s high bulk metal fraction: aerodynamic drag in the early solar nebula, preferential vaporization of silicates, or giant impact. These same elements, with the addition of Mg, Si, and Fe, will put significant constraints on geochemical processes that have formed the crust and produced any later volcanism. The Neutron Spectrometer sensor on the GRNS instrument will yield estimates of the amount of H in surface materials and may ascertain if the permanently shadowed polar craters have a significant excess of H due to water ice. A comparison of the FeO content of olivine and pyroxene determined by the Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) instrument with the total Fe determined through both GRNS and XRS will permit an estimate of the amount of Fe present in other forms, including metal and sulfides.