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141.
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143.
利用2008年12月至2009年4月的MERRA再分析数据资料,对2009年1月下旬北半球高纬平流层发生的强增温事件以及与之相关的行星波活动进行了研究.谱分析发现,SSW发生前后极区平流层内准16天行星波活动显著.利用二维谐波拟合法分别拟合温度场准16天波4个波模(W1,W2,E1,E2)的振幅和相位,结果表明:背景西风减弱时四个波模的振幅均有不同程度的增大,且都在50°-80°N范围内的平流层中上层达到最大值;准16天W2波的增幅最大且辐合最强烈,其引起的背景流最大西风减速超过4m·-1·d-1,说明准16天W2波在该次增温事件中占主导地位;行星波传播与零风线移动关系密切,准16天W2波在中高纬地区垂直向上传播并近似呈现经向驻波结构,然后分别向极点和赤道两个方向传播,这表明中高纬地区可能是行星波的一个源区. 相似文献
144.
Alexander F. Zakharov Gabriele Ingrosso Francesco De Paolis Achille A. Nucita Francesco Strafella Sebastiano Calchi Novati Philippe Jetzer 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
There are different methods for finding exoplanets such as radial spectral shifts, astrometrical measurements, transits, timing etc. Gravitational microlensing (including pixel-lensing) is among the most promising techniques with the potentiality of detecting Earth-like planets at distances about a few astronomical units from their host star or near the so-called snow line with a temperature in the range 0–100 °C on a solid surface of an exoplanet. We emphasize the importance of polarization measurements which can help to resolve degeneracies in theoretical models. In particular, the polarization angle could give additional information about the relative position of the lens with respect to the source. 相似文献
145.
Planetary protection is NASA's term for the practice of protecting solar system bodies from Earth life while protecting Earth from life that may be brought back from other solar system bodies. Spacefaring nations will soon begin retrieving samples from Mars and other solar system bodies. For these samples, planetary protection is in order, and measures are already in place to prevent the forward contamination of Mars and other bodies by Earth microbes and the backward contamination of Earth by possible extraterrestrial life. A major goal of planetary protection controls on forward contamination is to preserve the planetary record of natural processes by preventing human-caused microbial introductions. 相似文献
146.
Thér‘se Encrenaz 《Space Science Reviews》2005,116(1-2):99-119
Measurements of the chemical composition of the giant planets provide clues of their formation and evolution processes. According
to the currently accepted nucleation model, giant planets formed from the initial accretion of an icy core and the capture
of the protosolar gas, mosly composed of hydrogen and helium. In the case of Jupiter and Saturn (the gaseous giants), this
gaseous component dominates the composition of the planet, while for Uranus and Neptune (the icy giants) it is only a small
fraction of the total mass. The measurement of elemental and isotopic ratios in the giant planets provides key diagnostics
of this model, as it implies an enrichment in heavy elements (as well as deuterium) with respect to the cosmic composition.
Neutral atmospheric constituents in the giant planets have three possible sources: (1) internal (fromthe bulk composition
of the planet), (2) photochemical (fromthe photolysis ofmethane) and(3) external (from meteoritic impacts, of local or interplanetary
origin). This paper reviews our present knowledge about the atmospheric composition in the giant planets, and their elemental
and istopic composition. Measurements concerning key parameters, like C/H, D/H or rare gases in Jupiter, are analysed in detail.
The conclusion addresses open questions and observations to be performed in the future. 相似文献
147.
F.C. Wasiak A. Luspay-Kuti W.D.D.P. Welivitiya L.A. Roe V.F. Chevrier D.G. Blackburn T. Cornet 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
As a result of measurements acquired by the Cassini–Huygens mission of Titan’s near surface atmospheric composition and temperature, Titan conditions can now be simulated in the laboratory and samples can subsequently be subjected to those conditions. Titan demonstrates an active hydrological-like cycle with its thick atmosphere, dynamic clouds, polar lakes of methane and ethane, moist regolith, and extensive fluvial erosive features. Unlike Earth, Titan’s hydrological-like cycle likely involves several constituents, primarily methane and ethane. Here the properties of a new Titan simulation facility are presented, including conceptual methodology, design, implementation, and performance results. The chamber maintains Titan’s surface temperature and pressure, and the sample cryogenic liquids undergoing experimentation are condensed within the chamber itself. During the experiments, the evaporation rates of the sample liquids are directly determined by continually measuring mass. Constituents are analyzed utilizing a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and vapor concentrations are determined using a gas chromatograph fitted with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID). All pertinent data is logged via computer. Under laboratory conditions, the direct measurements of the evaporation rates of methane, ethane, and mixtures thereof can be achieved. Among the processes to be studied are the effects of regolith on transport from the subsurface to the atmosphere, the freezing point depression effects of dissolved nitrogen, and the solubility of various relevant organic compounds. 相似文献
148.
X-ray pulsar-based navigation system with the errors in the planetary ephemerides for Earth-orbiting satellite 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yidi Wang Wei Zheng Shouming Sun Li Li 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The objective of this paper is to investigate and reduce the impact of the errors in the planetary ephemerides on X-ray pulsar-based navigation system for Earth-orbiting satellite. Expressions of the system biases caused by the errors in the planetary ephemerides are derived. The result of investigation has shown that the impact of the error in Earth’s ephemeris is must greater than the errors in the other ephemerides and would greatly degrade the performance of X-ray pulsar-based navigation system. Moreover, the system bias is modeled as a slowly time-varying process, and is handled by including it as a part of navigation state vector. It has been demonstrated that the proposed navigation system is completely observable, and some simulations are performed to verify its feasibility. 相似文献
149.
Darrell F. Strobel 《Space Science Reviews》2005,116(1-2):155-170
The photochemistries of the H2-He atmospheres of the gas giants Jupiter, Saturn and ice giants Uranus and Neptune and Titan’s mildly reducing N2 atmosphere are reviewed in terms of general chemical and physical principles. The thermochemical furnace regions in the deep
atmospheres and the photochemical regions of the giant planets are coupled by vertical mixing to ensure efficient recyling
of photochemical products. On Titan,mass loss of hydrogen ensures photochemical evolution of methane into less saturated hydrocarbons.
A summary discussion of major dissociation paths and essential chemical reactions is given. The chapter ends with a overview
of vertical transport processes in planetary atmospheres. 相似文献
150.
In a paper submitted to A&A we present the first line blanketed hydrodynamic models of spherically expanding atmospheres of hot stars. This paper is complementary to the submitted paper. Here, we emphasize the advantages and the weak points of our approach and we present additional technical aspects.The models are characterised by a simultaneous solution of the equation of motion, the non-LTE populations of H and He, and radiation transfer in a line blanketed atmosphere. The entire domain from the optically thick photosphere out to the terminal velocity of the wind is treated. The radiative forces are evaluated consistently with the depth-dependent radiation field, taking into account multiple scattering by metal lines and line overlap. 相似文献