谐振式液体密度传感器压电激励与检测的实现

本文利用正压电效应和逆压电效应,实现谐振式液体密度传感器的压电激励与压电检测,原理简单、功耗低、检测方便。设计了基于该激励和检测方式的自动增益控制(Automatic Gain Control,AGC)电路,当传感器的输出信号发生较大变化时,激励信号的增益可随输出信号的幅值进行自动调节,使输出信号的幅值保持稳定。该电路具有结构简单,适应性好,可靠性高,调节速度快等优点。同时,对所设计的谐振式液体密度传感器进行了标定实验,该密度传感器的精度约为±1.0kg/m³,重复性约为±0.05%,可以实现液体密度的高精度实时在线测量。     

主起落架可控变速收放作动器设计与仿真

传统的起落架收放液压系统在使用中缺乏可控性,按照起落架收起时飞机极限过载设计的起落架收放液压作动器在常见的小过载工况下可能产生较大的冲击。提出了一种用于主起落架的可控变速收放作动器的概念设计,使用双向比例节流阀根据过载大小调节阻尼作用。结合起落架收放机构多体模型和收放作动器液压模型,对不同过载工况下主起落架收起的动力学过程进行了仿真分析。与常规设计相比,在一定的设计约束下降低了支柱终止速度、回油压力峰值和结构冲击。研究了变速收放作动器输入压力和进回油油路阻尼相对大小对仿真结果的影响。提出了一种改进的可控变速收放作动器设计,利用惯性力的作用进一步降低了起落架收起时的作动筒载荷峰值和冲击。      

PLZT光致伸缩层合梁的非接触形状控制

以光电层合梁非接触形状控制问题为研究对象,阐述了PLZT光致伸缩驱动器的工作机理,建立了光-电-力-热耦合情况下的光电有限元模型,通过引入加强假定应变模式和假定自然应变法改善了单元的性能。在此基础上,以光致伸缩驱动器所受到的光强大小为设计变量,以光电层合梁的期望形状与控制形状的差值函数为目标函数,应用有限元法和遗传算法建立了求解基于PLZT光致伸缩驱动器层合梁非接触形状控制问题的一般方法。数值模拟的结果验证了该方法有效,表明该方法能够很好地实现光电层合梁结构的非接触形状控制。     

压电纤维复合材料铺层用于翼面设计的驱动特性与刚度影响

压电纤维复合材料驱动器在形状控制、振动控制、颤振抑制与抖振控制等方面有广泛的应用前景。首先简单介绍了压电应变驱动的比拟载荷方法,并采用该方法讨论了压电陶瓷片状驱动器与压电纤维复合材料驱动器在驱动特性上的主要差异。在此基础上,对压电纤维复合材料在不同铺设方式、铺设角度与铺设层数下的驱动特性进行了分析,在刚度影响方面展示了不同铺设角度下模型刚轴的移动。分析结果表明:对称铺设反向电场可以同时获得弯曲与扭转变形,而反对称铺设同向电场主要获得扭转变形;两种铺设方式下45°铺设角均获得最大弦向转角,而0°铺设角将获得最大挠度;多铺层可以增加驱动载荷,但总体变形效果还取决于结构系统的刚度比例;对称铺设方式下铺设角对结构刚轴移动的影响非常明显,在气动弹性控制中应着重关注。     

锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷主动元件在航天自适应桁架结构中的应用

阐明了PZT压电材料的正、逆压电效应以及相应的压电作动器的机电耦合原理。针对航天自适应桁架结构的特点，运用PZT压电作动器进行了振动抑制实验并取得了良好的效果。     

Nonlinear modal electromechanical coupling factor for piezoelectric structures containing nonlinearities

Within the linear framework, the Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (MEMCF) is an important indicator to quantify the dynamic conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy of piezoelectric structures. It is also an important tool to guide the piezoelectric damping design of linear structures. Advanced aircraft often fly in maneuvers, and the variable working conditions induce drastic changes in the load level on structures. Geometric and contact nonlinearities of thin-walled structures and joint structures are often activated. To achieve a good vibration reduction effect covering all working conditions, one cannot directly use linear electromechanical coupling theory to instruct the piezoelectric damping design for nonlinear structures. Therefore, this paper defines the Nonlinear Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (NMEMCF) and proposes the corresponding numerical method for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the electromechanical coupling capability of nonlinear piezoelectric structures. Three candidate definitions of the NMEMCF are given, including two frequency definitions and one energy definition. The energy definition is the most promising one. It is not only applicable to both conservative and dissipative nonlinear structures but also compatible with the linear MEMCF. In addition, based on the energy formula, the NMEMCF can be obtained by only performing one nonlinear modal analysis in the open-circuit state. The analytical findings and the numerical tool are validated against two piezoelectric structures with different types of nonlinearities. A strong correlation among the NMEMCF, geometric parameters, and energy dissipation is observed. The results confirm that the proposed NMEMCF captures the physics of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon associated with nonlinear piezoelectric structures and can be used as an essential design indicator of piezoelectric damping, especially for variable working conditions.     

Mechanism of interconnected synchronized switch damping for vibration control of blades

The Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) is regarded as a promising alternative to mitigate the vibration of thin-walled structures in aero-engines, especially for blades or bladed disks. The common manner is to shunt the switch circuit independently to a single piezoelectric structure. This paper is aimed at exploring a novel way of using the SSD, i.e., the SSD is interconnected between two piezoelectric structures or substructures. The damping mechanism, performance, and effective range of the interconnected SSD are studied numerically and experimentally. First, based on a dual cantilever beam finite element model, the time domain and frequency domain modeling and solving methods of the interconnected SSD are deduced and validated. Then, the influence of the amplitude and phase relationship on the damping effect of the interconnected SSD is numerically studied and compared with the shunted SSD. A self-sensing SSD control board is developed, and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the interconnected SSD establishes an additional energy channel between the corresponding piezoelectric structures. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are different, the interconnected SSD balances the vibration level of each beam. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are the same, if the appropriate interconnection manner is selected according to the phase, the resonance peak can be reduced by more than 30%. When the vibration is in-phase/out-of-phase, the damping generated by the interconnected SSD in a cross/parallel manner is even more significant than the shunted SSD. Furthermore, this novel connection scheme reduces the number of SSD circuits in half. Finally, for engineering applications, we implement the proposed damping technology to the finite element model of a typical dummy bladed disk. A piezoelectric damping ratio of 13.7% is achieved when the amount of piezo material is only 10% of blade mass. Compared with traditional friction dampers, the major advancements of the interconnected SSD are: (A) it can reduce the vibration level of blades without friction interface; (B) the space constraint is overcome, i.e., the vibration energy is not necessarily dissipated independently in one sector or through physically adjacent blades, and instead, the dissipation and transfer of vibrational energy can be realized between any blade pair. If a specific gating circuit is adopted to adjust the interconnection manner of the SSD, vibration mitigation under variable working conditions with different engine orders will be expected; (C) designers do not need to worry about the annoying nonlinearities related to working conditions anymore.