空间失稳目标线阵成像畸变分析与三维重建

针对线阵扫描型激光雷达在非合作失稳航天器三维模型重建过程中，存在运动目标线扫数据畸变且目标因失稳导致运动特性难以准确估计问题，提出一种带畸变自修正式三维重建方法，并进行畸变容忍度临界值分析。该方法基于测量系统的角精度与测距精度设计畸变容忍度临界值判定条件，首先根据实际工况与判定条件进行比对，判定是否对线扫数据进行初始畸变恢复；其次，对相邻扫描带畸变点云依次进行配准获取目标运动增量、解算目标瞬时运动参数；然后对目标运动参数进行自修正式处理，去除特征突变点干扰；同时依次恢复点云到初始几何位置，完成初始目标三维重建；最后，通过系统进一步迭代，位姿增量自收敛直至最终满足重建精度要求。仿真结果表明，该方法在缺失非合作目标先验信息的情况下，能够有效避免因线扫描导致的畸变问题，并较为快速地实现满足精度要求的目标三维重建，有较强的鲁棒性。     

Some features of the day-to-day MLT wind variability in winter 2017–2018 as seen with a European/Siberian meteor radar network

We present results of wind measurements near the mesopause carried out with meteor radars (MRs) at Collm (51°N, 13°E), Obninsk (55°N, 37°E), Kazan (56°N, 49°E), Angarsk (52°N, 104°E) and Anadyr (65°N, 178°E) from October 1, 2017 till March 31, 2018. The Collm and Kazan MRs are SKiYMET radars with vertical transmission and radio echo height finding, while the other radars operate with horizontal transmission and without height finding. We paid particular attention to the meridional wind variability with periods of 4–6 days and 9–11 days. The waves with these periods are seen as spots of the wave activity in the wavelet spectra and include oscillations with different periods and different discrete zonal wavenumbers. These wave packets successively propagate as a group of waves from one site to another one in such a way that they are observed at one site and almost disappear at the previous one. The 4–6 wave group includes planetary-scale oscillations (individual spectral components) which have eastward phase velocities and mostly zonal wavenumbers 2 and 3, and the vertical wavelength exceeds 70 km at middle latitudes. The source of the oscillations is the polar jet instability. The wave group itself propagates westward, and the amplitudes of wind oscillations are approximately 5–6 m/s as obtained from the wind data averaged over the meteor zone. The 9–11 day wave set propagates westward as a group and mainly consists of spectral components which have westward phase velocity and zonal wavenumber 1. Amplitudes of these wind perturbations strongly vary from station to station and can reach, approximately, 8 m/s. The vertical wavenumber is 0.014 km⁻¹ as taken from the Kazan and 0.05 km⁻¹ according to the Collm data. We obtained a global view on the waves by using the AURA MLS geopotential data. We found a good correspondence between wave features obtained from the MR wind measurements and the MLS data. To our knowledge, such a wave propagation of planetary wave in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) region has so far not obtained much attention.     

Simultaneous observations of spread F irregularities over Southeast Asia longitude using Sanya VHF radar,GPS and C/NOFS

Through concurrently measurements by Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS), Sanya VHF radar and GPS ionospheric scintillation receiver on 12 March 2010, five plasma bubbles were found and three of them were observed by all those instruments. Two well-developed plumes with strong backscatter echoes were measured by Sanya radar and their corresponding depletions were observed by C/NOFS in Orbit 10317, 10318 and 10319. Broad plasma depletions resulting from merging process were found in orbit of 10318. The occurrence time and geophysical positions of scintillations correlate well with observations implemented by Sanya VHF radar and C/NOFS. Observations from three types of instrument indicate that the spread F irregularities have distinct scale. There were longitudinal differences between Sanya VHF radar and C/NOFS as irregularities measured, and the eastward drift of developed bubbles are responsible for these differences.     

The bistatic radar capabilities of the Medicina radiotelescopes in space debris detection and tracking

An accurate measurement of the position and trajectory of the space debris fragments is of primary importance for the characterization of the orbital debris environment. The Medicina Radioastronomical Station is a radio observation facility that is here proposed as receiving part of a ground-based space surveillance system for detecting and tracking space debris at different orbital regions (from Low Earth Orbits up to Geostationary Earth Orbits). The proposed system consists of two bistatic radars formed by the existing Medicina receiving antennas coupled with appropriate transmitters. This paper focuses on the current features and future technical development of the receiving part of the observational setup. Outlines of possible transmitting systems will also be given together with the evaluation of the observation strategies achievable with the proposed facilities.     

Analytical and numerical approaches of a solar array thermal analysis in a low-earth orbit satellite

This paper researches the thermal analysis of a fixed-type solar array in a low-earth orbit satellite through both an analytical method with a simplified thermal model and a numerical method with a detailed thermal model.     

基于协议变换的图像采集系统设计

介绍了一个基于高速协议变换的实时图像采集系统,该系统实现了从IEEE1394协议到千兆以太网协议的实时变换,将基于IEEE 1394协议的数字相机发出的图像数据转发到以太网上.系统设计使用了SOPC(System On a Programmable Chip)技术,通过Avalon总线将Nios Ⅱ处理器,千兆网MAC核和自定义的1394芯片接口逻辑等IP组件连接在一起形成主要的硬件电路,结合系统软件设计实现了对高速图像数据的实时转发.系统达到了较好的性能,同时具有集成度高,结构简单和扩展性好的特点,展示了利用SOPC技术解决此类问题的优势.     

MPI和Pthread混合编程在NCS算法中的设计和实现

根据星载合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）实时和准实时成像的需求,论文设计和实现了一种混合编程模式的非线性CS（Nonlinear Chirp Scaling, NCS）成像算法。此方法基于SMP（Symmetric Multiprocessing）集群系统,利用MPI（Message Passing Interface）和Pthread混合编程,实现了多进程和多线程的两级流水线并行成像处理。通过在HP刀片系统上的实验验证和结果分析,这种混合编程的流水线NCS并行成像算法既能较好适应前端系统传输一景原始回波数据时间不小于8s的情况,又能较好适应大规模原始回波数据堆积并且等待处理的情况。     

帆板驱动时的卫星姿态前馈补偿控制

研究帆板驱动影响下的卫星姿态控制问题.帆板驱动时存在转速波动,从而影响卫星姿态.在已有帆板驱动模型的基础上,分析帆板转速特性,通过对帆板转速的离线拟合和在线估计,结合卫星姿态动力学模型,设计了卫星姿态的一般前馈补偿和自适应前馈补偿控制器.数学仿真结果表明,两种前馈补偿控制均能有效克服由帆板驱动不平稳而造成的对星体干扰,实现卫星姿态高精度控制.     

天基毫米波空间碎片观测雷达系统分析与设计

介绍了天基毫米波空间碎片观测雷达的难点和关键技术,提出了解决问题的思路。将同时多波束天线引入到高速目标探测中,分析了雷达天线和发射机的形式,采用多频信号处理方法解决多普勒模糊问题。给出了空间站载天基毫米波雷达的系统参数,分析了测距、测角、测速精度。在天球坐标系下建立了雷达平台坐标系,通过速度分解和坐标转换,结合雷达成像的方法分析了雷达和碎片间的相对速度、位置的几何关系,在此基础上对空间站载天基毫米波雷达系统空间碎片轨道预测性能进行了分析。
     

一种现场可编程门阵列门延时精确调整时序的方法

通过FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)时序模型分析得出FPGA门延时的方案,综合利用FPGA各种布局布线EDA工具,摸索出一套人工干预FPGA布局布线的方法,使FPGA门延时能够有效地用于时序调整,调整精度可达到纳秒级。该方法具有不增加任何额外器件,成本低、高效方便的特点。