Integer phase ambiguity estimation in next-generation geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry

Next-generation Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) system designs are aiming at 1 mm global position accuracy. In order to achieve this, it is not only necessary to deploy improved VLBI systems, but also to develop analysis strategies that take full advantage of the observations taken. Since the new systems are expected to incorporate four independent radio frequency bands, it should be feasible to resolve phase ambiguities directly from post-correlation data, providing roughly an order of magnitude improvement in precision of the delay observable. As the unknown ambiguities are of integer nature, it is discussed here how they the can be resolved analytically using algorithms which have been developed for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications. Furthermore, it will be shown that ionosphere contribution and source structure effects, so-called core-shifts, can be solved simultaneously with the delay, which is the main geodetic observable for follow-on analysis. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, simulated observations were created using parameters from actual design studies. It is shown that, even in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio observations, reliable phase ambiguity resolution can be achieved and it is discussed how the integer ambiguity recovery depends on the number of observations and signal-to-noise ratio.     

基于分段多项式建模的电离层污染校正算法研究

电离层污染使需要通过电离层传播的超视距雷达的回波谱展宽,影响雷达的目标检测性能。基于分段多项式建模的校正算法可用于解决电离层的相位污染问题,针对该算法在处理实际数据时遇到的问题,分析相位污染校正中可能出现的相位残差跳变的影响,并给出了相应的解决方案。此外,讨论电离层幅度污染的问题,给出简单的补偿方法,提供了电离层污染校正算法的完整流程。通过对实际数据的处理,验证了算法的有效性,算法更适合应用于工程实际。     

Impact of GPS antenna phase center variations on precise orbits of the GOCE satellite

The first European Space Agency Earth explorer core mission GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) has been launched on March 17, 2009. The 12-channel dual-frequency Global Positioning System receiver delivers 1 Hz data and provides the basis for precise orbit determination (POD) on the few cm-level for such a very low orbiting satellite (254.9 km). As a member of the European GOCE Gravity Consortium, which is responsible for the GOCE High-level Processing Facility (HPF), the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) provides the Precise Science Orbit (PSO) product for the GOCE satellite. The mission requirement for 1-dimensional POD accuracy is 2 cm. The use of in-flight determined antenna phase center variations (PCVs) is necessary to meet this requirement. The PCVs are determined from 154 days of data and the magnitude is up to 3-4 cm. The impact of the PCVs on the orbit determination is significant. The cross-track direction benefits most of the PCVs. The improvement is clearly seen in the orbit overlap analysis and in the validation with independent Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements. It is the first time that SLR could validate the cross-track component of a LEO orbit.     

直升机复合材料结构试验与分析一致性技术的应用研究

本文主要进行了一致性评判技术在直升机复合材料结构试验与分析中的应用研究。对复合材料典型结构件,本文先进行了有限元建模及分析计算;然后进行了相应的强度试验并得出试验结果。通过对位移计算结果和试验结果的对比分析,本文对其进行了一致性模糊综合证券,从而验证了该评判方法的有效性。     

国内外频率标准发展现状

时间频率在国家经济建设、科学研究、国家安全具有十分重要的意义。本文介绍了国内外高稳晶振、铷原子频率标准、守时型氢原子频率标准和铯原子频率标准、微型相干布局囚禁原子钟、低温蓝宝石微波源和超稳激光微波源以及铯原子喷泉钟的国内外发展情况、技术指标等。铷原子频率标准打破国外垄断，为北斗导航系统提供高精度的时间基准，守时型氢原子频率标准和铯原子频率标准已实现工程化，但日频率稳定度和日频率漂移率指标有待进一步提高，铯喷泉基准方面已接近国际先进水平，新型原子频标发展方兴未艾。     

用于多模卫星导航信号接收的半球形阿基米德螺旋天线

平面阿基米德螺旋天线具有双向辐射特性,在实现单向辐射时会降低效率 。将平面阿基米德螺旋天线共形到局部半球上可以得到一种新型结构的半球形阿基米德 螺旋天线,分析了这种天线的结构特点,进行了仿真与实验,研究结果表明,在覆盖多模卫 星导航信号工作频率的1.1-1.7 GHz频段内,反射损耗小于-10 dB,增益大于3.9 dB,前后 比大于3.6 dB,相位中心稳定度小于2 mm,可满足宽频带圆极化多模卫星导航共用接收天线 的设计要求。
     

频率捷变反舰导弹导引头相参积累技术研究

将雷达的频率捷变技术与相参技术相结合,分析了在频率捷变条件下,运动目标回波相位的变化规律。影响相参积累的因素包括因频率捷变带来的回波中载频与距离及速度的两个耦合项。并在此基础上提出了利用相位补偿原理来进行有效相参积累的方法,主要包括参差脉冲重复间隔法及基于代价函数的补偿法。算例表明了方法的可行性、通用性,具有一定的理论和实践指导意义。     

基于DPCA算法的星载多通道TOPSAR成像方法

方位向DPCA多通道技术能够提高星载TOPSAR模式的方位分辨率,但TOPSAR回波信号的场景多普勒频谱混叠和方位非均匀采样给多通道TOPSAR成像带来了困难。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于DPCA算法的星载多通道TOPSAR成像方法。该方法通过调整方位向发射/接收子孔径的等效相位中心位置,使等效相位中心分布基本满足均匀采样的要求,同时利用复制拼接的方法解决了TOPSAR多普勒频谱混叠问题,最后利用改进的SPECAN算法完成聚焦成像。该成像方法避免了方位向多通道非均匀采样信号的重构操作,同时复制拼接操作和改进的SPECAN算法避免了方位向数据分块操作和方位时域的扩展。点目标和分布目标的仿真结果验证了提出的成像方法。     

基于频率补偿的时延估计方法

无源时差定位中,当目标处于运动状态时,多普勒频率的存在将导致时延差估计精度变差。自相关法和互相关法相结合的多普勒频差估计方法可以获得可靠性较高、估计精度较好的频差估计结果。对该结果进行频差补偿后,采用基于相位谱的时延估计方法获得两信号间的时延差。经过仿真验证,这种基于频差补偿的时延估计方法可以有效降低多普勒频差对时延差估计精度的影响。     

FX型相关处理方案及野值剔除算法

分析了甚长基线干涉测量等干涉测量技术中FX型相关处理方案存在的问题,提出了一种新的FX相关处理方案。该方案经过两次整数比特时延补偿将两站接收信号相对时延缩小到1 bit内,从而避免了相位卷绕现象的出现,同时省去了原方案中的小数比特时延补偿,接着对新方案的计算量和相关长度做了深入的分析;改进了一种野值剔除算法,使剔除过程不受相位随频率变化趋势的影响。蒙特卡洛仿真和“嫦娥二号”实测数据处理结果验证了改进的准确性和有效性。