流星体和碎片——航天器的微粒环境综述

介绍了流星体和碎片环境的特征和分布以及它们对航天器的影响和危害,并简单介绍了它们的探测方法和计算模式以及防护措施。     

Mean energy of response to galactic cosmic ray spectrum: IMP 8 and Climax neutron monitor

Solar modulations of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity contain a wealth of information about their transport in the heliosphere. To extract this information from the data one studies the dependence of the observed modulations on the mean energy of response of detectors providing data for the analyses. There is a great deal of confusion about the detector energy response to GCR spectrum in the literature. We present a preliminary report on the computations of the mean energy of response for the Climax neutron monitor (CL/NM) and IMP 8 cosmic ray nuclear composition instrument to GCR protons for 1973–1998, covering the solar cycles 21 and 22. We find that for penetrating proton channel on IMP 8 the mean energy changes by a factor of over two whereas for the neutron monitor the change is only 21%. However, the corresponding change for the computed modulation function is a factor of about 3.5.     

Hypersonic reentry trajectory planning by using hybrid fractional-order particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm

This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm called Fractional-order Particle Swarm optimization Gravitational Search Algorithm (FPSOGSA) and applies it to the trajectory planning of the hypersonic lifting reentry flight vehicles. The proposed method is used to calculate the control profiles to achieve the two objectives, namely a smoother trajectory and enforcement of the path constraints with terminal accuracy. The smoothness of the trajectory is achieved by scheduling the bank angle with the aid of a modified scheme known as a Quasi-Equilibrium Glide (QEG) scheme. The aerodynamic load factor and the dynamic pressure path constraints are enforced by further planning of the bank angle with the help of a constraint enforcement scheme. The maximum heating rate path constraint is enforced through the angle of attack parameterization. The Common Aero Vehicle (CAV) flight vehicle is used for the simulation purpose to test and compare the proposed method with that of the standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method and the standard Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed FPSOGSA method over the standard PSO and the GSA methods by showing its better convergence and computation efficiency.     

通用航空飞行器气动布局设计优化

研究了通用航空飞行器气动布局设计优化问题。应用基于二次曲线的模线设计方法，实现了通用航空飞行器的参数化外形建模。采用修正的牛顿流理论进行高超声速气动特性计算。在保持纵向稳定性的条件下，以升阻比和容积效率最大化为目标，建立通用航空飞行器气动布局多目标优化模型。应用基于小生境竞争排挤机制的多目标遗传算法求得优化模型的非劣解集。将物理规划设计方法与稳定、高效的粒子群优化算法相结合，有效地求解该优化模型的折衷解。优化结果表明本文的通用航空飞行器气动布局设计优化方法是有效的。     

运载火箭主动段自适应增广控制

针对运载火箭上升段在复杂飞行环境、大不确定性干扰和振动等因素的影响下,传统PID控制方法难以满足高品质控制需求的问题,进行了自适应增广控制(AAC)方法研究,以实现对运载火箭姿态的精确控制。在深入分析自适应增广控制系统整体构架的基础上,通过标称PID控制器设计与基于粒子群优化(PSO)的数字滤波器设计实现了刚体控制及对弹性振动的抑制;继而针对大范围干扰、不确定性和由于滤波器切换产生的弹性振动影响,设计了在线调整算法自适应调节PID控制增益,并对其工作机理与参数设计原则进行研究;然后设计干扰补偿回路和主动减载回路以减小内外扰动、弹性振动和风载荷影响;最后在弹性振动、风干扰和参数不确定性等因素同时作用的状态下进行仿真分析,验证了自适应增广控制系统能够有效应对运载火箭主动段复杂飞行环境的影响,大幅度提升综合控制性能,具有理论研究意义与工程应用价值。     

基于粒子群拍卖混合算法的空空导弹制导权移交技术

为解决超视距协同空战中的空空导弹制导权移交问题,首先对空空导弹制导权移交问题进行了数学建模,构建了我机对目标机制导优先权模型以及我机对空空导弹制导优先权模型,建立了空空导弹制导权移交的任务分配模型;其次为实现对大规模空空导弹制导权移交问题的快速寻优求解,提出了一种分布式的粒子群拍卖混合算法,该算法对粒子群算法进行了改进,并融合了拍卖算法的优点,可在较短的时间内获得较为合理的制导权移交方案,具有较好的动态性、全局寻优性能以及易于计算机编程实现等优点。最后,通过仿真实验证明了本方法的合理性和有效性。     

基于Contourlet域Krawtchouk矩和改进粒子群的遥感图像匹配

为了进一步提高遥感图像匹配的精度和运算效率,提出了一种利用Contourlet变 换、Krawtchouk矩和改进粒子群的遥感图像匹配算法。在分别对参考图像和目标图像进行Co ntourlet分解的基础上,引入Krawtchouk矩来提取图像的局部特征,并利用改进的带极值扰 动的简化粒子群优化算法对低分辨率的遥感图像进行匹配操作,然后逐级上推,
最终实现全分辨率情况下遥感图像的匹配。实验结果表明,该算法与目前常用的遥感图像匹 配算法相比,不仅具有更高的匹配精度和运算效率,还有较强的鲁棒性。
     

基于SVM和"嫦娥一号"数据的月球表面亮温分布

月球表面的微波辐射亮度温度分布与月表物质的物理化学和地理分布特性密切相关.为了分析月球表面微波辐射亮温的分布特点,利用支持向量机(SVM)方法对嫦娥一号(CE-1)绕月卫星搭载的微波辐射计获得的2C级亮温数据建立回归分析模型,并利用粒子群算法优化SVM回归模型,建立了月球表面不同地理位置的4个频率通道(3GHz,7.8GHz,19.35GHz,37GHz)的微波辐射亮温与时间的关系,获得了这4个频率的微波辐射亮温在月表很窄时间段的全球分布,因而显示出了更多的细节特征.最后对这些特征进行了描述并对影响月球表面亮温的因素进行了讨论.     

基于多项式插值的自由漂浮空间机器人轨迹规划粒子群优化算法

针对自由漂浮空间机器人轨迹规划问题,提出一种基于多项式插值与粒子群优化算法相结合的非完整运动规划方法。首先,通过对系统非完整约束条件进行分析,给出了以机械臂关节角耗散能为目标函数的轨迹最优控制算法;并采用高阶多项式插值方法逼近机械臂关节角轨迹,将插值多项式的系数作为优化参数,结合粒子群优化算法对关节角轨迹进行优化求解。最后,对本文提出的轨迹规划算法进行数值仿真。仿真结果表明关节角轨迹平滑连续,保证了关节角速度及关节角加速度在初始和终止状态均为零,从而验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

Particle simulation of grid system for krypton ion thrusters

The transport processes of plasmas in grid systems of krypton (Kr) ion thrusters at different acceleration voltages were simulated with a 3D-PIC model, and the result was compared with xenon (Xe) ion thrusters. The variation of the screen grid transparency, the accelerator grid current ratio and the divergence loss were explored. It is found that the screen grid transparency increases with the acceleration voltage and decreases with the beam current, while the accelerator grid current ratio and divergence loss decrease first and then increase with the beam current. This result is the same with Xe ion thrusters. Simulation results also show that Kr ion thrusters have more advantages than Xe ion thrusters, such as higher screen grid transparency, smaller accelerator grid current ratio, larger cut-off current threshold, and better divergence loss characteristic. These advantages mean that Kr ion thrusters have the ability of operating in a wide range of current. Through comprehensive analyses, it can be concluded that using Kr as propellant is very suitable for a multi-mode ion thruster design.