航空用粉末冶金颗粒增强铝基复合材料研制及应用

简要分析了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的性能优势,阐述了铝基复合材料基体与增强体组元匹配性设计准则,评述了国内外粉末冶金工艺制备的颗粒增强铝基复合材料组织与性能特点。此外,较为详尽地总结了国内外先进颗粒增强铝基复合材料坯锭与构件的工程化制备技术以及复合材料无损检测的研究现状。最后还列举、分析和展望了颗粒增强铝基复合材料在航空领域的应用方向。     

高比例SiCp/Al复合材料热膨胀系数的研究

通过无压渗透法工艺 ,选用不同颗粒度 ( 70 #,10 0 #,15 0 #,180 #) ,不同颗粒形状 (不规则多边形 ,近球形 )的SiC ,制备了不同基体材料 (纯铝 ,ZL10 1,ZL3 0 1)的复合材料试样 ,并用云栅干涉法对各试样的膨胀系数进行了测定。结果表明 :SiCp Al的膨胀系数随颗粒尺寸的增大而下降 ,近球形颗粒增强复合材料的膨胀系数比不规则多边形要小 ,不同基体材料的复合材料的膨胀系数按着ZL10 1,纯铝 ,ZL3 0 1的顺序增大     

Aerodynamic design optimization of nacelle/pylon position on an aircraft

The arbitrary space-shape free form deformation (FFD) method developed in this paper is based on non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) basis function and used for the integral parameterization of nacelle-pylon geometry. The multi-block structured grid deformation technique is established by Delaunay graph mapping method. The optimization objects of aerodynamic characteristics are evaluated by solving NavierStokes equations on the basis of multi-block structured grid. The advanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized as search algorithm, which com-bines the Kriging model as surrogate model during optimization. The optimization system is used for optimizing the nacelle location of DLR-F6 wing-body-pylon-nacelle. The results indicate that the aerodynamic interference between the parts is significantly reduced. The optimization design system established in this paper has extensive applications and engineering value.     

Modeling ground and space based cosmic ray observations

After entering our local astrosphere (called the heliosphere), galactic cosmic rays, as charged particles, are affected by the Sun’s turbulent magnetic field. This causes their intensities to decrease towards the inner heliosphere, a process referred to as modulation. Over the years, cosmic ray modulation has been studied extensively at Earth, utilizing both ground and space based observations. Moreover, modelling cosmic ray modulation and comparing results with observations, insight can be gained into the transport of these particles, as well as offering explanations for observed features. We review some of the most prominent cosmic ray observations made near Earth, how these observations can be modelled and what main insights are gained from this modelling approach. Furthermore, a discussion on drifts, as one of the main modulation processes, are given as well as how drift effects manifest in near Earth observations. We conclude by discussing the contemporary challenges, fuelled by observations, which are presently being investigated. A main challenge is explaining observations made during the past unusual solar minimum.     

The charge-sign dependent effect in the solar modulation of cosmic rays

The centennial anniversary of the discovery of cosmic rays was in 2012. Since this discovery considerable progress has been made on several aspects related to galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere. It is known that they encounter a turbulent solar wind with an imbedded heliospheric magnetic field when entering the Sun’s domain. This leads to significant global and temporal changes in their intensity inside the heliosphere, a process known as the solar modulation of cosmic rays. The prediction of a charge-sign dependent effect in solar modulation in the late 1970s and the confirmatory observational discoveries can also be considered as a milestone. A short review is given of these predictions based on theoretical and numerical modelling work, the observational confirmation and related issues.     

空间机器人抓捕目标星碰撞前构型优化

空间双臂机器人抓捕目标星会导致碰撞,针对碰撞引起机器人系统基座姿态变化的问题,提出一种基于粒子群算法的碰撞前构型优化方法。该方法首先给出了碰撞前和碰撞后的动力学模型,然后根据冲量-动量方程推导出碰撞阶段动力学方程,最后提出基于粒子群算法的最优碰撞前构型规划数值方法,使碰撞对机器人系统角动量的影响尽量小。通过计算校验了该方法的有效性,找到了用于空间机器人抓捕目标星的较理想的碰撞前构型。     

欠驱动刚性航天器姿态的非完整运动规划粒子群算法

研究欠驱动刚性航天器姿态的非完整运动规划问题。众所周知航天器利用三个动量飞轮可以控制其姿态和任意定位，当其中一轮失效，航天器动力学方程表现为不可控。在系统角动量为零的情况下，系统的姿态控制问题可转化为无漂移系统的运动规划问题。基于粒子群优化技术设计了欠驱动刚性航天器姿态的非完整运动规划算法。通过数值仿真，并和遗传算法进行了比较，结果表明该方法对欠驱动航天器姿态运动规划是有效的。     

基于改进粒子群算法的混合卫星星座优化设计

对用低轨子星座和椭圆轨道子星座组成的混合卫星星座实现不均匀覆盖进行了研究。给出了低圆轨道和椭圆轨道的设计方法和计算模型。基于对传统粒子群算法的改进,提出了一种自适应变异与非线性单纯形法综合的高效粒子群优化算法对星座进行优化设计,并给出了设计的某混合卫星星座的整体构型。分析结果表明:该法明显优于遗传算法和传统粒子群算法。     

基于广义回归神经网络集成的宽带波束形成算法

首先构造宽带波束成形所需要的协方差矩阵,利用基于粒子群优化算法对核主成分分析方法和广义回归神经网络进行了优化。在对神经网络的输入变量进行降维处理后,生成多个复杂度低的泛回归神经网络模型。利用提出的基于聚类启发式集成算法求出波束成形时的权系数,既考虑了网络的差异性,又考虑了网络的正确性。仿真结果表明,提出的基于聚类启发式神经网络集成的波束形成算法在网络结构十分简单的情况下,仍然具有较好的性能。     

基于能量约束的翼伞系统分段归航设计与仿真

针对翼伞系统的基本飞行特性和良好的可操纵性,采用分段设计的思想对翼伞系统的归航轨迹进行规划.根据各分段轨迹之间的几何关系,将航迹规划问题转变为对设计参数的寻优问题.实际系统所能提供的能量是有限的.因此,在目标函数中加入控制能量的约束.运用改进的粒子群算法对目标函数进行求解计算,得到整个归航轨迹的设计参数.仿真结果表明:...