System-level prognostics approach for failure prediction of reaction wheel motor in satellites

The reaction wheels actuated by motors are widely used for advanced attitude control of satellites. During the satellite operation, the performance of reaction wheel motor degrades and results in unexpected failures. To guarantee the reliability and safety of satellites, it is important to predict its remaining useful life while it is in operation. To address this issue, this study presents a system-level prognostics approach for the reaction wheel motor, by regarding it as a system composed of multiple components. The approach is demonstrated by using the motor operation data obtained during the accelerated-life tests on ground for 3 years. Health degradation of each components of the motor are estimated using the adaptive extended Kalman filter. Failure threshold of the motor performance is established by the design requirement on characteristic curve. The anomaly detection and failure prediction are performed using the shifting kernel particle filter.     

镁粉与二氧化碳动态点火燃烧特性数值研究

Mg粉/CO₂粉末发动机是火星探测中较为理想的原位资源利用方案，为了掌握Mg/CO₂粉末发动机稳定点火燃烧特性，在考虑氧化层厚度对Mg颗粒熄火影响的基础上，基于涡耗散/有限速率模型建立了点火燃烧模型，并应用数值计算方法研究了Mg粉颗粒粒径（5μm， 10μm， 15μm， 20μm和25μm）、入口预混气流雷诺数（1500， 2000， 2500， 3000和3500）和CO₂/Mg氧燃比（0.5， 1， 1.5， 2和2.5）对Mg粉/CO₂动态点火燃烧的影响。计算结果表明：雷诺数和氧燃比恒定时，随着粒径从5μm增加到10μm，平均温度升高，平均点火时间延长，燃烧效率增加；随着粒径从10μm增加到25μm，平均温度降低，平均点火时间延长，燃烧效率减少。粒径和氧燃比恒定时，平均温度随雷诺数增加而下降；平均点火时间和燃烧效率随雷诺数增加基本不变。粒径和雷诺数恒定，随着氧燃比从0.5增大到1.5，平均温度升高；随着氧燃比从1.5增大到2.5，平均温度下降；平均点火时间和燃烧效率随氧燃比增大基本不变。     

基于轨迹拐点滤波的激光雷达里程计定位算法研究

在GPS拒止环境下，激光雷达里程计可以利用帧间匹配跟踪车辆实现定位，但是定位误差随时间累积的特性造成激光雷达里程计(LO)缺乏持续性。为解决LO的误差累积问题，引入轻量级地图OSM。基于粒子滤波框架，以LO作为运动模型的输入，通过两次筛选提取拐点，利用拐点匹配完成与地图的对齐，并以粒子的均值作为车辆校正后的位置，实现对定位误差的校正。提出了一种新的粒子权重模型，利用不同节点的相似度模型及测量值作为粒子权重的更新依据，避免拐点与路网节点的错误关联导致定位误差加大。经由KITTI数据集上的实验验证，该算法可以有效克服LO误差漂移问题，相较于原始LO定位精度至少提高了49.22%，且具有较好的实时性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2 及粒径控制工艺

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,乙二醇作为螯合剂制备纳米TiO2 粒子。考察钛的乙二

醇盐的浓度、pH 值、温度等因素对TiO2 粒径的影响,并用红外光谱和SEM 对纳米TiO2 粒子进行结构和形貌表

征。结果表明,采用溶胶凝胶法可以制备出呈椭圆形且粒径分布均匀的TiO2 纳米粒子。使用硝酸铵可以有效

阻止TiO2 纳米粒子团聚。当pH 值为2 ~3、温度为20 ~40℃,钛的乙二醇盐在丙酮中的浓度为0. 03、0. 05 及

0. 07 M 时,粒径分别为150、240 及600 nm。

     

Particle filter-based real-time phase line bias estimation for GNSS-based attitude determination with common-clock receivers

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based attitude determination has been widely adopted in a wide variety of terrestrial, sea, air, and space applications. Recently, the emergence of commercial multi-GNSS common-clock receivers has brought new opportunities for high-precision GNSS-based attitude determination with single-differenced (SD) model. However, the key requirement of using this approach is the accurate estimation of the troublesome line bias (LB) in real-time. In this contribution, we propose a particle filter-based real-time phase LB estimation approach that apply to SD model with single-system single-frequency observations from common-clock receiver. We first analyzed the relationship between the integer ambiguity ratio value and the phase LB. It is proved that the accuracy of a given phase LB value can be qualified by the related ambiguity resolution ratio value, and the normalized ratio value can therefore be used to represent the likelihood function of observations. Then, we presented the particle filter-based real-time phase LB estimation procedure, and assessed its performance using GPS L1/BDS B1I observations from two datasets collected with different types of common-clock receivers in terms of the accuracy and convergence time of phase LB estimation, the computation load, and the positioning and attitude determination accuracy with respect to the double-differenced (DD) model. Experimental results demonstrated that the phase LB could be accurately estimated with short convergence time (generally within 15 epochs). Moreover, compared with the classical DD approach, the particle filter-based SD approach delivers comparable positioning root-mean-square (RMS) errors in the North and East components but significantly smaller RMS errors in the Up component. Accordingly, the achievable yaw accuracy is comparable whereas the pitch accuracy is remarkably improved. The improvements of positioning accuracy in the Up component and pitch accuracy are approximately 35.7 % to 63.7 %, and 33.3 % to 63.1 %, respectively. Additionally, the single-epoch computation time with our particle filter-based SD approach is generally 0.08 s, which is obviously larger than the DD approach but could still meet the requirements of real-time applications below 10 Hz sampling.     

Numerical study on combustion efficiency of aluminum particles in solid rocket motor

The combustion of aluminum particles in solid rocket motor plays an important role in energy release of propellants. However, due to the limited residence time, aluminum particles may not be burned completely, thus hindering the improvement of specific impulse. This study aims to explore the characteristics of aluminum combustion efficiency and its influencing factors by experiments and numerical simulations, providing a guideline for engine performance improvement. As an input of simulation, the initial agglomerate size was measured by a high pressure system. Meanwhile, the size distribution of the particles in plume was measured by ground firing test to validate the numerical model. Then, a two-phase flow model coupling combustion of micro aluminum particle was developed, by which the detailed effects of particle size, detaching position and nozzle convergent section structure on aluminum combustion efficiency were explored. The results suggest that the average combustion temperature in the chamber drops with increasing initial particle size, while the maximum temperature increases slightly. In the tested motors, the aluminum particle burns completely as its diameter is smaller than 50 μm, and beyond 50 μm the combustion efficiency decreases obviously with the increase of initial size. As the diameter approaches to 75 μm, the combustion efficiency becomes more sensitive to particle size. The combustion efficiency of aluminum particle escaping from end-burning surfaces is significantly higher than that from internal burning surface, where the particle combustion efficiency decreases during approaching the convergent section. Furthermore, the combustion efficiency decreases slightly with increasing nozzle convergent section angle. And theoretically it is feasible to improve combustion efficiency of aluminum particles by designing the convergent profile of nozzle.     

改进的Chan-粒子滤波算法超宽带室内三维定位

针对超宽带室内定位时容易受到非视距误差的影响，导致定位精度大大下降，甚至无法准确定位的问题，提出了一种融合粒子滤波的改进Chan定位新方法。首先，在Chan定位方法中引入模拟退火算法，对到达时间差（TDOA）算法的测量值进行优化，获得初步定位的最优解；然后，采用粒子滤波对测量值进行再次优化，粒子重采样后得到的中心位置即为目标节点的精确位置。仿真和实验结果均表明，该算法能有效提高在非视距环境下超宽带室内定位的精度，较好地消除非视距误差的干扰。