固体粒子在压缩机叶栅内的部分沉积模型研究

针对轴流压缩机叶栅内固体微粒沉积的问题,发展了新的粒子沉积模型(部分沉积模型)。采用此模型和普遍采用的完全沉积模型进行了计算,计算结果表明两种模型对叶栅前缘处的粒子沉积影响明显。采用部分沉积模型时,叶片前缘处不会出现短时间内不合实际的大量沉积现象,而表现为一种比较均匀的粒子沉积。     

MESSENGER: Exploring Mercury’s Magnetosphere

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission to Mercury offers our first opportunity to explore this planet’s miniature magnetosphere since the brief flybys of Mariner 10. Mercury’s magnetosphere is unique in many respects. The magnetosphere of Mercury is among the smallest in the solar system; its magnetic field typically stands off the solar wind only ∼1000 to 2000 km above the surface. For this reason there are no closed drift paths for energetic particles and, hence, no radiation belts. Magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause may erode the subsolar magnetosphere, allowing solar wind ions to impact directly the regolith. Inductive currents in Mercury’s interior may act to modify the solar wind interaction by resisting changes due to solar wind pressure variations. Indeed, observations of these induction effects may be an important source of information on the state of Mercury’s interior. In addition, Mercury’s magnetosphere is the only one with its defining magnetic flux tubes rooted beneath the solid surface as opposed to an atmosphere with a conductive ionospheric layer. This lack of an ionosphere is probably the underlying reason for the brevity of the very intense, but short-lived, ∼1–2 min, substorm-like energetic particle events observed by Mariner 10 during its first traversal of Mercury’s magnetic tail. Because of Mercury’s proximity to the sun, 0.3–0.5 AU, this magnetosphere experiences the most extreme driving forces in the solar system. All of these factors are expected to produce complicated interactions involving the exchange and recycling of neutrals and ions among the solar wind, magnetosphere, and regolith. The electrodynamics of Mercury’s magnetosphere are expected to be equally complex, with strong forcing by the solar wind, magnetic reconnection, and pick-up of planetary ions all playing roles in the generation of field-aligned electric currents. However, these field-aligned currents do not close in an ionosphere, but in some other manner. In addition to the insights into magnetospheric physics offered by study of the solar wind–Mercury system, quantitative specification of the “external” magnetic field generated by magnetospheric currents is necessary for accurate determination of the strength and multi-polar decomposition of Mercury’s intrinsic magnetic field. MESSENGER’s highly capable instrumentation and broad orbital coverage will greatly advance our understanding of both the origin of Mercury’s magnetic field and the acceleration of charged particles in small magnetospheres. In this article, we review what is known about Mercury’s magnetosphere and describe the MESSENGER science team’s strategy for obtaining answers to the outstanding science questions surrounding the interaction of the solar wind with Mercury and its small, but dynamic, magnetosphere.     

燃油喷嘴雾化特性试验研究

为了检验某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴改进设计效果,利用相位多普勒粒子分析仪对燃油喷嘴的雾化性能参数进行试验研究。得到雾化液滴的索太尔平均直径的空间分布、轴向平均速度、脉动速度及其湍流度的分布情况。结果表明:轴向平均速度呈凹盆状分布,脉动速度呈双峰状分布;喷雾中心湍流度大,喷雾边缘湍流度小。随着供油压力增大,在相同测试截面上,喷雾的范围和中心区域粒径变大,边缘位置粒径变小。在相同供油压力下,随着与喷嘴距离的增加,喷雾范围增大,喷雾的轴向平均速度和脉动速度减小,轴向速度的湍流度波动幅度减小。     

基于改进支持向量机回归的非线性飞机结构载荷模型建模

为进行飞机结构载荷安全监控并为飞机结构疲劳寿命评估积累相关数据,需建立与飞行参数相关的 飞机结构载荷模型。针对飞机结构载荷与飞行参数之间的非线性关系,采用改进停机准则的 SMO 算法及粒 子群模型参数优化算法对支持向量机回归方法进行改进,并通过飞行动力学理论分析结合皮尔逊相关系数的 方法对参与建模的飞行参数进行选取。以飞机跨声速俯仰机动为例,建立机翼某一测载剖面结构剪力模型,并 对该建模方法进行仿真验证。结果表明:采用改进支持向量机回归方法所建立模型精度优于原始支持向量机回归方法建立的模型,即采用改进支持向量机回归方法可提高建模精度及泛化能力。     

AHPSO-SVM预测超声内圆磨削ZTA陶瓷的边界损伤

为解决普通加工方式易出现工程陶瓷边缘碎裂的问题,本文对超声内圆磨削工程陶瓷边界损伤预测系统进行了研究。在35 kHz轴向超声磨削与普通磨削两种条件下独立进行试验,运用支持向量机研究工艺参数与边界损伤影响规律,采用改进的粒子群算法优化支持向量机,建立采用混合核函数的AHPSO-SVM预测模型。研究结果表明,超声激励下试件边界损伤降幅为10.05%～21.23%,AHPSO-SVM预测模型MSE为0.378 4、平均相对误差为1.369 0%、30次适应度值标准差为0.020 2。相比于普通磨削,超声磨削可使ZTA陶瓷边界损伤值显著降低;建立的AHPSO-SVM模型具有较好的学习能力、泛化性能与良好的稳定性。     

训练空域动态规划问题数值模拟仿真算法研究

训练空域的动态规划对于提高空域利用率,提高部队训练效率,缓解军民用空矛盾具有重要意义。本文将空域的动态规划问题进行分阶段处理,通过寻求各个阶段的最优方案来使得总的占用时间最短。针对各个阶段的动态规划问题,在分析问题复杂性的基础上,构建了空域规划模型,提出了遗传-离散粒子群算法,通过融合遗传算法中的交叉与变异思想来改善DPSO算法摆脱局部最优解的能力,提高算法的收敛速度和精度。同时为保证种群的多样性,设计了可保证个体可行性的自适应交叉算子和变异算子。最后利用甘特图来表示整个空域规划过程。将改进后的遗传-粒子群算法用于算例,并与遗传算法比较,结果表明该算法获得的结果更优且收敛速度更快。     

电推进羽流粒子束溅射的蒙特卡罗模拟

为了研究电推进羽流对推力器及航天器造成的溅射腐蚀作用,采用蒙特卡罗方法对羽流等离子体对材料的溅射进行模拟,研究了溅射的级联碰撞机理,并开展了Xe离子正入射、斜入射Cu材料的溅射率、溅射产物的能量分布以及空间角分布的研究.结果显示,蒙特卡罗方法对溅射率和能量分布的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,误差<30％,但是斜入射溅射率...     

光波纳米推进技术中的表面等离激元增益光镊作用机理

为研究天线不同结构对表面等离激元（SPP）增益光镊作用的影响,建立天线-基底的电磁波传输耦合激元电场触发光梯度力的数值模型,并利用数值模型分析天线不同结构对SPP电场的影响规律,同时,这种电场变化规律对光镊增益有直接的数学关系,基于上述物理机制,获得不同天线结构对光梯度力产生的优化策略。为验证上述物理机制与优化策略的有效性,开展纳米颗粒的粒子图像测速（PIV）试验,天线材料为银,基底为二氧化硅,纳米颗粒为银,试验能够完好地观测到纳米颗粒在天线通道的运动情况。结果表明,光梯度力的增益机制在于激元电场强度和梯度两方面因素,前者随天线不对称性增强而先增大后减小,后者呈现一直增大趋势;纳米颗粒推动作用力的计算误差约为5.5%~13.8%,且试验值与计算值的趋势相符,一方面验证本文研究机理及优化策略的有效性,另一方面证明PFP技术的原理可行。     

Particle Acceleration Mechanisms

In this paper we review the possible mechanisms for production of non-thermal electrons which are responsible for the observed non-thermal radiation in clusters of galaxies. Our primary focus is on non-thermal Bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton scattering, that produce hard X-ray emission. We first give a brief review of acceleration mechanisms and point out that in most astrophysical situations, and in particular for the intracluster medium, shocks, turbulence and plasma waves play a crucial role. We also outline how the effects of the turbulence can be accounted for. Using a generic model for turbulence and acceleration, we then consider two scenarios for production of non-thermal radiation. The first is motivated by the possibility that hard X-ray emission is due to non-thermal Bremsstrahlung by nonrelativistic particles and attempts to produce non-thermal tails by accelerating the electrons from the background plasma with an initial Maxwellian distribution. For acceleration rates smaller than the Coulomb energy loss rate, the effect of energising the plasma is to primarily heat the plasma with little sign of a distinct non-thermal tail. Such tails are discernible only for acceleration rates comparable or larger than the Coulomb loss rate. However, these tails are accompanied by significant heating and they are present for a short time of <10⁶ years, which is also the time that the tail will be thermalised. A longer period of acceleration at such rates will result in a runaway situation with most particles being accelerated to very high energies. These more exact treatments confirm the difficulty with this model, first pointed out by Petrosian (Astrophys. J. 557:560, 2001). Such non-thermal tails, even if possible, can only explain the hard X-ray but not the radio emission which needs GeV or higher energy electrons. For these and for production of hard X-rays by the inverse Compton model, we need the second scenario where there is injection and subsequent acceleration of relativistic electrons. It is shown that a steady state situation, for example arising from secondary electrons produced from cosmic ray proton scattering by background protons, will most likely lead to flatter than required electron spectra or it requires a short escape time of the electrons from the cluster. An episodic injection of relativistic electrons, presumably from galaxies or AGN, and/or episodic generation of turbulence and shocks by mergers can result in an electron spectrum consistent with observations but for only a short period of less than one billion years.     

基于激光反射层析法的换能器声场测量技术及仿真研究

换能器的辐射声场分布能够直接反映出换能器声学性能的好坏,若不能精确测量出换能器的辐射声场,则会对换能器的诊断和评估造成严重影响。从理论仿真的角度出发,推导了运用激光反射层析法重建换能器辐射声场的理论公式,着重利用推导出的理论公式对激光反射层析法进行了仿真计算。结果表明激光反射层析法能够精确地重建出换能器的辐射声场分布及声场中的声压量值,这为换能器的声场重建及声压测量提供了一种可行的方法。