A fault-tolerant triple-redundant voice coil motor for direct drive valves: Design, optimization, and experiment

A direct drive actuator (DDA) with direct drive valves (DDVs) as the control device is an ideal solution for a flight actuation system. This paper presents a novel triple-redundant voice coil motor (TRVCM) used for redundant DDVs. The TRVCM features electrical/mechanical hybrid triple-redundancy by securing three stators along with three moving coils in the same frame. A permanent magnet (PM) Halbach array is employed in each redundant VCM to simplify the system structure. A back-to-back design between neighborly redundancies is adopted to decouple the magnetic flux linkage. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is implemented to optimize design parameters based on the analytical magnetic circuit model. The optimization objective function is defined as the acceleration capacity of the motor to achieve high dynamic performance. The optimal geometric parameters are verified with 3D magnetic field finite element analysis (FEA). A research prototype has been developed for experimental purpose. The experimental results of magnetic field density and force output show that the proposed TRVCM has great potential of applications in DDA systems.     

Stochastic structural optimization using particle swarm optimization, surrogate models and Bayesian statistics

This paper focuses on a method to solve structural optimization problems using particle swarm optimization (PSO), surrogate models and Bayesian statistics. PSO is a random/stochastic search algorithm designed to find the global optimum. However, PSO needs many evaluations compared to gradient-based optimization. This means PSO increases the analysis costs of structural optimization. One of the methods to reduce computing costs in stochastic optimization is to use approximation techniques. In this work, surrogate models are used, including the response surface method (RSM) and Kriging. When surrogate models are used, there are some errors between exact values and approximated values. These errors decrease the reliability of the optimum values and discard the realistic approximation of using surrogate models. In this paper, Bayesian statistics is used to obtain more reliable results. To verify and confirm the efficiency of the proposed method using surrogate models and Bayesian statistics for stochastic structural optimization, two numerical examples are optimized, and the optimization of a hub sleeve is demonstrated as a practical problem.     

基于粒子群算法的多级低压涡轮一维气动优化设计方法

为探究涡轮高效设计技术,从低维优化层面出发,提出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的多级低压涡轮一维设计和优化方法.该方法以涡轮效率为目标,通过建立涡轮子午流道形式以及气动特性等约束条件将涡轮一维设计转化成包含约束限制的极大值优化问题.在验证粒子群算法优化性能的基础上发展了多级低压涡轮一维气动优化设计程序,该程序通过优化地选取涡轮各级的多个设计变量,有效地生成满足多个约束条件的级最佳速度三角形以及最佳初步子午流道形式.利用该程序完成了原型低压涡轮的优化改型工作,三维数值模拟结果表明,优化改型方案在设计点和非设计点的气动性能均获得了不同程度的改善.     

An experimental method for squealer tip flow field considering relative casing motion

Squealer tip is widely used in turbines to reduce tip leakage loss. In typical turbine environment, the squealer tip leakage flow is affected by multiple factors such as the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The development of experimental methods which can accurately model the real turbine environment and influencing factors is of great significance to study the squealer tip leakage flow mechanism. In the present paper, a low-speed turbine cascade test facility which can model the relative casing motion and wide range of variable incidence angles (−25° to 55°) is built. Based on the similarity criteria, a high-low speed similarity transformation method of the turbine cascade is established by considering the thickness of the turbine blade. A combined testing method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and local pressure measurement is proposed to obtain the complex flow structures within the tip cavity. The results show that the experimental method can successfully model the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The low-speed cascade obtained by the similarity transformation can model the high-speed flow accurately. The measurement technique developed can obtain the complex flow field and successfully capture the scraping vortex within the squealer tip.     

A new structural reliability analysis method in presence of mixed uncertainty variables

For structures with both random and fuzzy uncertainty, this paper presents a novel method for determining the membership function in fuzzy reliability with the Automatic Updating Extreme Response Surface (AUERS) method. In the proposed method, fuzzy variables are initially converted into a value domain under the given cut level and the extreme point in the domain where the reliability reaches its extreme value is considered. Second, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to determine the extreme point according to the extreme responses for different sets of random sample inputs. A kriging response surface is subsequently constructed between the random variables and the corresponding extreme points. An automatic updating strategy is then introduced based on the Relative Mean Square Predicted Error (RMSPE) before performing every iteration of reliability analysis. By adding new sample points, the approximate quality of the kriging response surface is improved. Finally, reliability analysis is used to determine the reliability bound under the given cut level. The proposed method assures the accuracy and computation efficiency of the mixed uncertainty reliability analysis results while it prevents the solution from becoming trapped in a local optimum, which occurs in classical optimization methods. Two example analyses are used to demonstrate the validity and advantages of the proposed method.     

Investigation of diurnal variations of cosmic ray fluxes measured with using ASEC and NMDB monitors

A study of daily variations of secondary Cosmic Rays (CR) is performed using data on charged and neutral CR fluxes. Particle detectors of Aragats Space-Environmental Center (ASEC), Space Environmental Viewing and Analysis Network (SEVAN) and neutron monitors of the Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB) are used. ASEC detectors continuously register various species of secondary CR with different threshold energies and incident angles. NMDB joins data of 12 Eurasian neutron monitors. Data at the beginning of the 24th solar activity cycle are used to avoid biases due to solar transient events and to establish a benchmark for the monitoring of solar activity in the new started solar cycle.     

飞行器滑模变结构姿态控制器参数优化设计

研究了大气层外飞行器姿态控制器设计。基于误差四元数建立飞行器姿态运动学与动力学方程,用滑模变结构控制方法设计控制器,通过构造Lyapunov函数验证了控制器具全局稳定性和鲁棒性。以控制器参数为优化变量,机动时间为优化指标,飞行器发动机输出力矩为约束条件,用粒子群算法实现对滑模控制器参数的优化设计。仿真结果表明：控制器设计可行且有效,并能对参数进行优化。     

矢量拟合法在滤波器参数提取中的应用

文章介绍了对滤波器进行参数提取的解析方法,并对关键的导纳参数Y曲线拟合准确性进行研究。通过与常规的最小二乘法求解超定方程组进行结果对比,给出了一种用于准确拟合导纳矩阵l,参数的方法——矢量拟合法,最后用8阶滤波器的S参数进行验证。     

驻涡燃烧室凹腔流场结构实验

驻涡燃烧室采用凹腔结构稳定火焰,研究凹腔内不同燃料与空气喷射情况下的流场结构非常重要。采用粒子成像测速仪(PIV)测量了驻涡燃烧室凹腔在不同主流速度下的流场,并对比分析了凹腔进气结构分别为不开冷却缝及油气渗混孔、开冷却缝不开油气渗混孔、开冷却缝和后体油气渗混孔、开冷却缝和前体油气渗混孔时的流场结构。研究结果表明,不同主流速度下所设计的不同凹腔进气结构均能在腔内形成稳定的涡,冷却缝对流场的影响较小,凹腔油气掺混孔在开孔截面上对流场及涡核中心位置的影响较大。     

固体火箭发动机Al_2O_3凝结及颗粒破碎的数值模拟

Al2O3凝结对固体火箭发动机Al颗粒的燃烧效率及燃气流动有很大影响。结合拉格朗日方法,建立Al2O3凝结模型,分析了在Al2O3烟雾凝结及颗粒自身破碎作用下,不同初始直径Al颗粒的燃烧效率及燃烧室流场的变化规律。计算结果与同条件下的测试数据有较好的吻合,颗粒分布符合相关实验现象。结果表明,小颗粒燃烧后,流场温度及Al2O3烟雾分布均匀;随颗粒初始直径的增加,径向出现明显分层现象;在发动机出口,小颗粒燃烧效率较高,颗粒中Al2O3质量分数较大,但破碎程度较小;随初始直径增加,颗粒燃烧效率逐渐降低,颗粒中仍含有大量未燃烧的Al,破碎程度提高,颗粒数目急剧增加。