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161.
162.
Volodymyr Kryvdyk 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
Formation of relativistic jets in the magnetosphere of collapsing stars is considered. These jets will be formed in the polar caps of magnetosphere of collapsing star, where the stellar magnetic field increases during the collapse and the charged particles are accelerated. The jets will generate non-thermal radiation. The analysis of dynamics and emission of particles in the stellar magnetosphere under collapse shows that collapsing stars can be powerful sources of relativistic jets. 相似文献
163.
I. Ueno K. Kochiya 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(12):2089-2093
Particle motion in a volatile droplet on a solid surface, especially the behavior of particles depositing in the vicinity of a solid–liquid–gas boundary line (contact line) is focused. This phenomenon is called the ‘coffee stain problem’. Motion and deposition of the particles suspended in distilled water droplets and distilled water–ethanol mixture droplets are discussed. The spatio-temporal particle motion is analyzed by the three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D PTV). A discussion of the morphology of the particles stuck to the solid surface after the dryout of the droplet is also given. 相似文献
164.
J.F. Valdés-Galicia Y. Muraki K. Watanabe Y. Matsubara T. Sako L.X. Gonzalez O. Musalem A. Hurtado 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
The Sun provides unique opportunities to study particle acceleration mechanisms using data from detectors placed on the Earth’s surface and on board spacecrafts. Particles may gain high energies by several physical mechanisms. Differentiating between these possibilities is a fundamental problem of cosmic ray physics. Energetic neutrons provide us with information that keeps the signatures of the acceleration site. A summary of some representative solar neutron events observed on the Earth’s surface, including associated X and γ-ray observations from spacecrafts is presented. We discuss evidence of acceleration of particles by the Sun to energies up to several tens of GeV. In addition, a recent solar neutron event that occurred on September 7th 2005 and detected by several observatories at Earth is analyzed in detail. 相似文献
165.
机翼滚摆非定常流场的PIV测量 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
对后掠角为 80°的三角翼模型在迎角为 α= 35°时的自激滚摆(w ing rock)非定常流场首次采用粒子图像测速仪 P I V( Particle Im age Velocim etry)进行瞬态全场速度场测量。对应的 Re数为 Re= 1.01 和211 ×105 ,自激频率为33 Hz 和39 Hz,滚摆振幅为±20°,测量截面为 X/ L = 0.525 和0775 。每幅图像计有 15128 个速度矢,空间分辨率为05m m 。图像采样频率10 Hz。测量结果表明,不仅三角翼前缘涡在模型滚摆运动时相对翼面位置的迟滞特性、而且涡强的动态迟滞特性是引起和维持自激滚摆的主要原因。 相似文献
166.
在矢量观测的基础上,针对单独的星敏感器定姿,提出了一种将粒子滤波(PF)和预测滤波相结合的姿态确定算法,通过设计粒子初始化,结合重要性采样、重采样和规则化等手段,成功地将姿态四元数作为状态粒子进行更新和传递,避免了状态方程的线性化和协方差矩阵的计算;利用预测滤波算法估计模型误差和姿态角速度,在保证滤波精度的同时,有效降低了粒子滤波器的维数.实验在某对地观测通用小卫星平台上进行,选取卫星自由飞行状态和飞轮控制对地稳定模式,分别对滤波器进行了仿真,实验结果验证了该算法对本质非线性、非高斯的卫星姿态估计问题具有快速的收敛性能和良好的稳定精度.该方法还为粒子滤波器的设计和无角速度敏感器测量的飞行器姿态确定提供了借鉴. 相似文献
167.
168.
Tracking characteristics of tracer particles for PIV measurements in supersonic flows 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The tracking characteristics of tracer particles for particle image velocimetry (PIV) mea-surements in supersonic flows were investigated. The experimental tests were conducted at Mach number 4 in Multi-Mach Wind Tunnel (MMWT) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The motion of tracer particles carried by the supersonic flow across shockwaves was theoretically modelled, and then their aerodynamic characteristics with compressibility and rarefaction effects were evalu-ated. According to the proposed selection criterion of tracer particles, the PIV measured results clearly identified that the shockwave amplitude is in good agreement with theory and Schlieren visu-alizations. For the tracer particles in nanoscales, their effective aerodynamic sizes in the diagnostic zone can be faithfully estimated to characterize the tracking capability and dispersity performance based on their relaxation motion across oblique shockwaves. On the other hand, the seeding system enabled the tracer particles well-controlled and repeatable dispersity against the storage and humidity. 相似文献
169.
Jorge A. Pérez-Peraza Eduard V. Vashenyuk Apolonio Gallegos-Cruz Yurii V. Balabin Leonty I. Miroshnichenko 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(6):947-954
Based on the concept of multiple acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEP) we analyzed the super-event of 20 January 2005 by the data of ground level, balloon and spacecraft observations. The main characteristics of relativistic solar protons (energy spectra, anisotropy directions and pitch-angle distributions) are derived and their dynamics during the event is studied. It is shown that the flux of relativistic solar protons may consist of two distinct components, the so-called prompt and delayed ones. Within a two-source model of particle generation, one of which is associated with an expanding magnetic loop, we solved the transport equation in energy phase space, including adiabatic losses simultaneously with the stochastic acceleration process, and calculate the expected spectra of the delayed component at the source. The confrontation of experimental spectra with theoretical ones shows that the delayed component may be correctly described by stochastic acceleration, but not the prompt component. The required acceleration efficiencies turned out to be rather high, so that, for this particular event, adiabatic cooling is practically negligible. Our results provide a new support to the existence of two populations of relativistic solar protons in some SEP events. 相似文献
170.
We propose a low observable satellite covered by layered materials. The dielectric properties of the composite materials are analyzed using the coaxial air-line method. Our solution could result in cost-effective applications for satellite stealthness. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to design and optimize layered absorbers. The obtained reflection is below −20 dB in many frequency subranges, also under an oblique incident condition, within the band 2–18 GHz. The optimized layered absorbers are used as a cloak for cube satellites. In particular, we investigated a very simple geometry by using a finite element commercial software in the band from 2 to 18. Finally, the transmission through an aperture on the satellite surface is analyzed. It is highlighted that the optimized layered absorbers attenuate the electric field within the satellite, improving its immunity against electromagnetic interferences. 相似文献