中心分级燃烧室头部冷态流场特性实验研究

为了深入研究中心分级燃烧室的流场特性,采用PIV方法对其头部冷态流场开展了实验研究,重点分析了中心分级燃烧室头部流场的结构特征以及主燃级旋流数对头部流场的影响。实验结果表明：中心分级燃烧室头部典型流场结构形成一个较大的中心主回流区、较小的端部回流区及角回流区,主、预燃级气流的相互耦合过程分为独立射流、气流掺混和气流合并三个阶段。主燃级旋流数对头部流场结构影响较大,随主燃级旋流数增大,主、预燃级气流耦合作用减弱,回流区分布形态发生较大变化,新的流场结构特征为中心主回流区范围明显收缩,端部回流区向下游延伸,在主、预燃级之间剪切层形成较长回流区。针对该中心分级燃烧室头部,主、预燃级气流由耦合流动变为解耦流动的临界主燃级旋流数为0.8~1.0。     

卫星编队飞行相对轨道的确定

卫星之间相对轨道的确定对于多颗卫星编队飞行的控制和任务是十分重要的。结合空间圆形的编队飞行星座，本文给出了描述卫星近距离运动的C-W方程，讨论了空间圆形的编队卫星星座的构成，进而设定了利用激光仪测量星间位置矢量，并设计了Kalman滤波器来实现相对轨道的确定，分析和仿真结果表明，Kalman滤波器能够有效提高相对位置确定精度并给出相对速度的高精度估计。     

一种基于粒子群优化的卫星仅测频被动定轨新算法

提出一种新的卫星对卫星仅测频被动定轨算法,采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)解决多维全局优化问题。首先,建立了卫星对卫星仅测频被动定轨的数学模型;其次,基于粒子群优化算法提出了对目标卫星轨道根数的估计方法;再次,推导了参数估计误差的克拉-美劳(CRLB)下限。最后通过计算机仿真对算法的性能进行了验证。多次仿真结果表明:该算法的参数估计误差接近克拉-美劳下限,且算法的运算量明显优于网格搜索法。     

旋转目标微波成象中的旁瓣抑制研究

本文首先引出了微波成象中的旁瓣抑制问题,介绍了这领域中前人已得到的结论。接着阐述了传统傅里叶谱分析中的窗函数不能用于旋转目标成象的原因,提出了变迹滤波器的求解方法。最后通过计算机仿真给出了不同相对带宽条件下低旁瓣特性和再现图象,结果是满意的。     

三维喷流流场中固体颗粒效应的粒子仿真方法研究

采用粒子仿真跟踪颗粒相运动轨迹，采用高效ENO格式求解NS方程，数值模拟了有攻角条件下含颗粒相的横向喷流与超音速物体绕流形成的干扰流场。结果表明上述方法是研究气－相两相流动的有效途径，颗粒相存在对喷流流场结构及物体所受的气动力和气动热具有一定影响。     

Time-optimal trajectory planning for underactuated spacecraft using a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm

A hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with the Legendre pseudospectral method (LPM) is proposed for solving time-optimal trajectory planning problem of underactuated spacecrafts. At the beginning phase of the searching process, an initialization generator is constructed by the PSO algorithm due to its strong global searching ability and robustness to random initial values, however, PSO algorithm has a disadvantage that its convergence rate around the global optimum is slow. Then, when the change in fitness function is smaller than a predefined value, the searching algorithm is switched to the LPM to accelerate the searching process. Thus, with the obtained solutions by the PSO algorithm as a set of proper initial guesses, the hybrid algorithm can find a global optimum more quickly and accurately. 200 Monte Carlo simulations results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid PSO–LPM algorithm has greater advantages in terms of global searching capability and convergence rate than both single PSO algorithm and LPM algorithm. Moreover, the PSO–LPM algorithm is also robust to random initial values.     

Manned exploration and exploitation of solar system: Passive and active shielding for protecting astronauts from ionizing radiation—A short overview

In deep space manned missions for the exploration and exploitation of celestial bodies of Solar System astronauts are not shielded by the terrestrial magnetic field and must be protected against the action of Solar Cosmic Rays (SCRs) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs). SCRs are sporadically emitted, and in very rare but possible events, their fluence can be so high to be lethal to a unprotected crew. Their relatively low energy allows us to conceive fully passive shields, also if active systems can somewhat reduce the needed mass penalty. GCRs continuously flow without intensity peaks, and are dangerous to the health and operability of the crew in long duration (>1year) missions. Their very high energy excludes the possible use of passive systems, so that recourse must be made to electromagnetic fields for preventing ionizing particles to reach the habitat where astronauts spend most of their living and working time. A short overview is presented of the many ideas developed in last decades of last century; ideas are mainly based on very intense electrostatic shields, flowing plasma bubbles, or enormous superconducting coil systems for producing high magnetic fields. In the first decade of this century the problem began to be afforded in more realistic scenarios, taking into account the present and foreseeable possibilities of launchers (payload mass, diameter and length of the shroud of the rocket, etc.) and of assembling and/or inflating structures in space. Driving parameters are the volume of the habitat to be protected and the level of mitigation of the radiation dose to be guaranteed to the crew. Superconducting magnet systems based on multi-solenoid complexes or on one huge magnetic torus surrounding the habitat are being evaluated for defining the needed parameters: masses, mechanical structures for supporting the huge magnetic forces, needed equipments and safety systems. Technological tests are in preparation or planned for improving density of the current, lightness and stability, to increase working temperature of superconducting cables, and for finding light supporting structures and suitable safety architectures, delineating a possible development program for affording this difficult problem.     

Status and perspectives of indirect and direct dark matter searches

In this review article the current status of particle dark matter is addressed. We discuss the main theoretical extensions of the standard model which allow to explain dark matter in terms of a (yet undiscovered) elementary particle. We then discuss the theoretical predictions for the searches of particle dark matter: direct detection in low-background underground experiments and indirect detection of neutrinos, gamma-rays and antimatter with terrestrial and space-borne detectors. Attention will be placed also on the discussion of the uncertainties, mainly of astrophysical origin, which affect the theoretical predictions. The constraints placed by these searches on the extensions of the standard models will be briefly addressed.     

一种新型高选择性微带带通滤波器设计

介绍了一种通过在微带开环谐振滤波器中引入交叉耦合,产生一对传输极点,从而提高通带选择性的滤波器设计方法。讨论了这种滤波器的综合方法和实现流程。实际设计了一个六阶开环谐振滤波器,并给出了全波仿真结果。分析和仿真都表明这种滤波器具有体积紧凑、选择性高的优点。     

基于离散粒子群优化算法的直升机减速器齿轮故障特征选择

粒子群优化算法自提出以来,由于其容易理解、易于实现,所以发展很快,在很多领域得到了应用。本文针对机械故障特征选择问题,提出基于离散粒子群优化(PSO)算法的特征选择方法,并在直升机减速器齿轮故障诊断中进行了应用。实验结果表明,离散PSO算法可以快速、有效的求得优化特征集,是求解故障特征选择问题的一个较好方法。