基于火焰图像诊断的模型燃烧室燃烧不稳定特性

提出了一种基于火焰图像诊断的旋流燃烧室燃烧不稳定特性研究方法。分析甲基滤镜下高速CCD （charge coupled device）拍摄的火焰面振荡图像,发现不稳定工况下的旋流火焰在以较高频率抖动的同时伴随着周期性的火焰脱落,其脱落信息可由火焰面轴向峰值位置体现。对CCD图像进行数字图像处理获得轮廓线,统计其边缘轴向最远处坐标作为火焰抖动峰值位置。基于图像分析确定火焰脱落阈值,获得不同工况下火焰脱落发生时的脉冲时序信号,统计得各工况火焰脱落频率。研究发现该频率分别与火焰抖动时序、CH^*时序及燃烧室压力脉动时序信号各自3阶本征模态函数的傅里叶谱主峰值接近。在多工况下研究了不稳定火焰脱离频率在时序信号中的存在方式和规律,发现对于本模型燃烧室,火焰脱落频率随着油气比的降低而升高,在油气比约0.0096处到达火焰脱落频率临界点,之后呈现缓慢下降趋势。     

剪切气流中无黏液体横向射流破碎机理

航空发动机燃烧室中,液体燃料的雾化过程、特别是初始雾化过程非常复杂,至今无法建立准确的初始雾化模型。忽略液体射流黏性,采用线性不稳定性分析法对无黏液体（工质为水）在二维剪切横向气流中的破碎机理进行研究。通过建立射流的色散方程,根据其表面波的增长率及波数的发展情况对射流破碎进行预测。当气体韦伯数或液体韦伯数增大时,射流表面波增长率显著增加,最佳波长明显减小。液气动量比大于临界值时,Kelvin-Helmholtz （K-H）不稳定性占主导作用;反之,Rayleigh-Taylor （R-T）不稳定性占主导作用。二维剪切气流在射流方向上具有速度梯度,只改变横向气动力对射流表面波的作用。气体韦伯数与液体韦伯数对射流破碎的作用与均匀气流相似;保持气流流量相同时,负梯度剪切气流可以加速射流的破碎。     

Application of focused laser differential interferometer to hypersonic boundary-layer instability study

Accurate prediction of hypersonic boundary-layer transition plays an important role in thermal protection system design of hypersonic vehicles. Restricted by the capability of spatial diagnostics for hypersonic boundary-layer study, quite a lot of problems of hypersonic boundary-layer transition, such as nonlinearity and receptivity, remain outstanding. This work reports the application of focused laser differential interferometer to instability wave development across hypersonic boundary-layer on a flared cone model. To begin with, the focused laser differential interferometer is designed and set up in a Mach number 6 hypersonic quiet wind tunnel with the focal point in the laminar boundary-layer of a 5 degree half-angle flared cone model. Afterwards, instability experiments are carried out by traversing the focal point throughout the hypersonic boundary-layer and the density fluctuation along the boundary-layer profile is measured and analyzed. The results show that three types of instability waves ranging from 10 kHz to over 1 MHz are co-existing in the hypersonic boundary-layer, indicating the powerful capability of focused laser differential interferometer in dynamic response resolution for instability wave study in hypersonic flow regime; furthermore, quantitative analyses including spectra and bicoherence analysis of instability waves throughout the hypersonic boundary-layer for both cold and heated cone models are performed.     

同轴喷嘴自发激励高频燃烧不稳定性试验研究

为增进对液氧煤油火箭发动机同轴离心喷嘴燃烧不稳定性过程的理解,在大气环境下进行了同轴离心喷嘴的自发激励燃烧不稳定性试验。试验采用单喷嘴敞口模拟燃烧室,高温的氧气和空气混合物从同轴喷嘴的直流喷嘴喷注,高温的煤油蒸气从同轴喷嘴的离心喷嘴喷注。通过逐步改变氧化剂流量使模拟燃烧室内产生自发激励高频燃烧不稳定性,使用脉动压力传感器和黑白高速相机记录稳定和不稳定燃烧工况下的脉动压力和火焰。研究发现：气气同轴离心喷嘴的自发激励高频燃烧不稳定过程呈现“滞后”现象;不稳定工况下的火焰均为脱口火焰,火焰特征长度约等于喷嘴出口到脱口火焰团上沿的距离;气气同轴离心喷嘴燃烧不稳定性的发生原因可以被认为是因混合特征时间与声学特征时间相关。     

Velocity shear Kelvin-Helmholtz instability with inhomogeneous DC electric field in the magnetosphere of Saturn

In this paper parallel flow velocity shear Kelvin-Helmholtz instability has been studied in two different extended regions of the inner magnetosphere of Saturn. The method of the characteristic solution and kinetic approach has been used in the mathematical calculation of dispersion relation and growth rate of K-H waves. Effect of magnetic field (B), inhomogeneity (P/a), velocity shear scale length ($A_i$), temperature anisotropy ($T_{\perp }/T_{||}$), electric field (E), ratio of electron to ion temperature ($T_e/T_i$), density gradient (${\epsilon }_n{\rho }_i$) and angle of propagation ($\theta$) on the dimensionless growth rate of K-H waves in the inner magnetosphere of Saturn has been observed with respect to $k_{\perp }{\rho }_i$. Calculations of this theoretical analysis have been done taking the data from the Cassini in the inner magnetosphere of Saturn in the two extended regions of Rs ～4.60–4.01 and Rs ～4.82–5.0. In our study velocity shear, temperature anisotropy and magnitude of the electric field are observed to be the major sources of free energy for the K-H instability in both the regions considered. The inhomogeneity of electric field, electron-ion temperature ratio, and density gradient have been observed playing stabilizing effect on K-H instability. This study also indicates the effect of the vicinity of icy moon Enceladus on the growth of K-H instability.     

双油路离心喷嘴雾化特性的半经验预测方法

为了掌握主、副油路相互干涉的机制,进而获得双油路离心喷嘴雾化特性的预测工具,开展了双油路离心喷嘴的理论和试验验证研究,研究中所涉及的供油压差范围为0.05~3MPa。理论推导了双油路离心喷嘴液膜破碎长度和索太尔平均直径(SMD)的半经验预测公式,并使用了3个不同结构的双油路离心喷嘴进行了试验验证。结果表明:双油路离心喷嘴破碎长度和SMD的预测精度达到±20%。这些半经验关系式可以作为双油路离心喷嘴设计阶段的预测工具和仿真边界条件。      

磁尾静电离子束流-密度漂移不稳定性的数值研究

本文研究了磁尾等离子体片边界层宽频带静电噪声的产生机制.模型等离子体由暖的背景电子、暖的向地球方向的离子束流和较冷的向尾方向的离子束流组成.结果表明,静电离子束流-密度漂移不稳定性可以在比较宽的频率范围内激发,在低频区大传播角方向上增长率最大,在高频区小传播角方向上增长率也比较大。最大增长率的方向取决于离子束流和密度漂移的速度比值.这些结果与磁尾观测到的宽频带静电噪声特征符合一致.      

障碍物的形状和作用方式对火焰变形影响的实验研究

火焰在障碍物作用下的失稳变形与障碍物的形状、大小以及作用方式有关.本文对火焰以翻越、穿越和绕过等三种方式与不同形状的障碍物相互作用时,火焰的发展变化特性与规律进行了实验研究.本文利用高速阴影照相系统,清晰的记录了不同形状的障碍物以不同方式与火焰作用时,火焰的变形和湍流的猝发,对不同作用方式下,火焰的结构特征进行了分析、比较和讨论.     

高频燃烧不稳定性的试验研究方法及面临的挑战

采用特征时间法分析了液体火箭发动机燃烧子过程的响应特性,指出了高频燃烧不稳定性试验研究的重点。介绍了国内外典型的高频燃烧不稳定性模拟实验方法与试验装置,认为推力室声学、低压燃烧不稳定性模拟试验以及喷嘴动力学试验研究是目前指导工程设计的主要途径,高压燃烧过程试验和光学测量技术是未来充分认识其激励机理的关键。     

激波与物质界面相互作用的数值模拟

计算激波与物质界面相互作用问题的关键是精确捕获运动物质界面.采用level set捕获物质界面,用改进虚拟流(modified ghost fluid method)方法定义虚拟流节点参数,从而将多介质流问题分解成多个单一介质流问题求解.应用该方法对激波与物质界面相互作用系列问题进行了数值模拟,并给出了物质界面的演化过程.计算结果发现激波强度、物质界面对涡的形式有很大影响,界面两边的密度比决定了界面是否反转.