超高分子量聚乙烯纤维性能及其应用

文中介绍了新型超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(简称UHMW—PE)的性能。该纤维是目前世界上达到工业化生产的几种合成纤维中具有最高强质比的纤维。它有众多的优越的物理机械性能、耐光性能和高能量吸收性能,因此受到高度重视。文中还介绍了该纤维在高科技领域中的应用前景。     

降落伞充满稳定阶段流场数值模拟

降落伞系统具有非常复杂的动力学特性,为了较精确的计算降落伞气动力,深入研究其流场特性,采用计算流体动力学方法,对某试验用降落伞充满稳定阶段流场进行数值模拟,计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,表明该数值模型可靠,具有较高精度。     

航天飞机轨道器着陆阻力伞

航天飞机轨道器设置阻力伞的目的在于增加其着陆的安全性。文中不仅介绍了这种阻力伞系统的设计和研制,而且还对试验(风洞试验、B—52飞机着陆试验、飞行模拟和轨道器飞行试验)及为增加阻力伞稳定性和可重复使用性的技术关键作了简要介绍。     

降落伞缩距软着陆技术的研究及其进展

降落伞缩距软着陆技术是过去十多年中,美国在研的一种先进的缓冲减速技术。该技术通过在货物即将触地之前强力收缩货物吊带,产生较高拉力,使货物(回收物,空投物)和降落伞间距缩短,随之使货物减速,实现软着陆。经过近十多年研究,出现了几种典型的缩距器设计,包括活塞-滑轮缩距器,马达-绞盘缩距器,以及气动肌缩距器。目前的研究集中在空投应用方面,空投质量从验证概念时的几十千克,逐步发展到9100kg,并实现了快速装卸。作为气动减速的一种先进技术,降落伞缩距软着陆技术对于航天器回收与着陆系统的研究有着借鉴和参考价值,并具有潜在的应用可能。文章对降落伞缩距软着陆技术的研究发展概况以及几种典型设计进行了介绍。     

火星进入舱开伞弹伞载荷动力放大系数研究与试验验证

Firstly, the analytical formulas of the dynamic magnification factor with the pulse time of the response spectrum of a single degree of freedom system under the rectangular and half sine pulse are derived. Then the parachute inflation and ejection low frequency high shock load dynamic simulation model of the Mars entry vehicle is built based on abaqus explict dynamics, and the influence of the shock load shape, load time and load damping are analyzed. Finally, the experiments of the opening parachute load suspension impact dynamic load and the parachute load real parachute impact dynamic load are carried out.The results show that the structure responds decline when the shock load time is less than  1 ms , and the static equivalence load becomes steady when the load time is longer than 5 ms; the dynamics equivalence load of the parachute inflation is about 1 time than static because of the smooth time wave, but the parachute ejection’s is about 1~2 times than static due to the steep rectangle wave.      

Simulation of 3D parachute fluid–structure interaction based on nonlinear finite element method and preconditioning finite volume method

A fluid–structure interaction method combining a nonlinear finite element algorithm with a preconditioning finite volume method is proposed in this paper to simulate parachute transient dynamics. This method uses a three-dimensional membrane–cable fabric model to represent a parachute system at a highly folded configuration. The large shape change during parachute inflation is computed by the nonlinear Newton–Raphson iteration and the linear system equation is solved by the generalized minimal residual(GMRES) method. A membrane wrinkling algorithm is also utilized to evaluate the special uniaxial tension state of membrane elements on the parachute canopy. In order to avoid large time expenses during structural nonlinear iteration, the implicit Hilber–Hughes–Taylor(HHT) time integration method is employed. For the fluid dynamic simulations, the Roe and HLLC(Harten–Lax–van Leer contact) scheme has been modified and extended to compute flow problems at all speeds. The lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LUSGS) approximate factorization is applied to accelerate the numerical convergence speed. Finally,the test model of a highly folded C-9 parachute is simulated at a prescribed speed and the results show similar characteristics compared with experimental results and previous literature.     

降落伞充气理论的发展

综述了降落伞充气理论的研究成果与发展状况,内容涉及以质量守恒方程为基础的降落伞充 气理论;以伞衣径向运动方程为基础的伞衣充气理论;流固耦合的伞衣充气理论。在介绍各种研究方法的 同时,阐述了降落伞充气过程包含的复杂物理现象、研究难点及解决方法,最后指出了当前充气过程研究的 热点及发展趋势。     

降落伞载荷分析介绍

文章回顾了降落伞应力计算分析方法的发展,阐述了应力分析的若干种方法,包括经验法、充气能量法及其结构与流体耦合法,总结了各种方法的特点,并提出看法意见。     

大气密度对降落伞充气性能的影响

尽管火星表面大气非常稀薄，但降落伞仍是火星探测着陆系统中一种重要的减速装置。文章建立了一个降落伞的充气动力学模型，并根据此模型研究了大气密度对降落伞充气性能的影响。结果表明：降落伞的充气时间和充气距离是随大气密度的减小而增大，同时，随着大气密度的减小，降落伞开始张开的速度变得非常缓慢。     

降落伞拉直过程的三维仿真分析

针对某载人飞船降落伞回收系统的主伞拉直过程,基于多体系统动力学理论,建立了由一系列刚体和质点通过弹性约束组成的三维多体动力学模型。首先,在空投试验条件下,验证了该模型的正确性和仿真结果的有效性;其次,模拟了不同风速不同风向条件下的拉直过程,指出侧向风影响最强,并分析了此规律的动力学机理。对载人飞船降落伞系统拉直过程的仿真研究有助于提高对降落伞拉直过程机理的理解。