低热层臭氧含量振荡和温度起伏间的耦合关系

本文求出了声重波传播过程中,低热层臭氧含量振荡和温度场起伏间的耦合关系。首次揭示出其正负相关性的内在原因和判据——动力扰动尺度。在中小尺度声重波扰动范围内,臭氧含量振荡与温度场起伏是正相关的,且相关幅度可达或超过7;而在大尺度或行星尺度波范围内,则一般为负相关。此发现可解释低热层中臭氧含量快速变化及臭氧含量长时间纬圈平均值变化与温度场成负相关的观测事实。本文还在声重波尺度范围内比较了线性和非线性理论的结果,结果表明两者没有太大的差异。     

Ozone mini-hole observation over the Balkan Peninsula in March 2005

Areas with dimensions of 1000–3000 km in which the total ozone content (TOC) decreases fast are called ozone mini-holes. They are generated mainly dynamically in two ways, either by poor-ozone air mass transport from the tropics to higher latitudes by planetary wave activity or, they are connected with strong adiabatic uplifting of the tropopause height. An ozone mini-hole, generated by the second mechanism, was observed over the Balkan Peninsula on 19/21 March 2005. In the middle of March, the polar vortex was strongly disturbed by Rossby waves, reaching up to the lower stratosphere. Warming episodes over a geographical area, covering the Barents Sea and the Polar Sea north from Central Siberia, displaced a polar vortex fragment extremely southwards. However, the vorticity was weak and the stratospheric temperatures did not reach low values, providing conditions for ozone chemical destruction via heterogenic reactions. At the same time, a Rossby wave ridge was located below the European polar fragment. In the period from 13 to 19 March, the thermal tropopause over Sofia was uplifted almost by 3 km. Ozone distributions observed by the SCIAMACHY instrument on 18–21 March show a fast TOC decrease westwards from Ireland, which was moving eastwards during the next days, increasing the area in which the ozone content decreased. On 20/21 March low ozone content was observed above the Stara Zagora (42°N, 25°E) ground-based station by means of the GASCOD instrument, using DOAS technique. The TOMS Earth probe instrument detected 237 DU over Sofia. This is a record low March value from the beginning of the TOMS instrument measurements in 1978. In March/April the ozone distribution was characterized by its mean annual maximum of 360 DU at 42°N.     

Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of tropical total ozone under alternative QBO scenarios of equatorial stratospheric wind

Equatorial total column ozone variations with quasi-biennial periodicity are described by paying attention to their coupling with the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of zonal wind in equatorial stratosphere. Analysis is made for the 35-year time interval from 1978 to 2013 using the zonal mean total ozone (TOZ) data in latitude band from 5° S to 5° N derived from satellite measurements by means of Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The study was performed using strong seasonal regularities of the wind QBO and the discrete variation of the QBO-period revealed earlier. The forecast of the wind QBO evolution made in Gabis (2012) is fully justified. The comparison between predicted and actually observed changes of the height wind structure shows the prominent accordance, which confirms the forecast validity. It is shown that variations of deseasonalized TOZ are in strong coupling with changes of equatorial wind QBO that coincides with the numerous previous researches. However our results contradict the assumption about quite complicated ozone response in the equatorial region due to continuously varying with time relationship between annual and quasi-biennial cycles and irregularly variable wind QBO-period. The total ozone changes actually observed clearly corresponds to the mean ozone variations calculated for different QBO scenarios and aligned according to the sequence of QBO scenarios already occurred in fact. This close association indicates the possibility of forecasting the equatorial total ozone QBO based on the predicted wind QBO.     

Vertical wavenumber spectra of atmospheric ozone measured from ozonesonde observations

Vertical profiles of ozone have been measured at balloon altitudes. Our purpose is to examine the character of vertical wavenumber spectra of ozone fluctuations, to assess the possible roles of gravity wave field in ozone fluctuations, and to determine dominant vertical wavelengths of ozone spectra. Vertical wavenumber spectra of 12 ozone fluctuations obtained during June–August 2003 are presented. Results indicate that mean spectral slopes in the wavenumber range from 4.69 × 10⁻⁴ to 2.50 × 10⁻³ cyc/m are about −2.91 in the troposphere and −2.87 in the lower stratosphere, which is close to the slope of −3 predicted by current gravity wave saturation models. The consistency of the observed spectral slopes with the value of −3 predicted by current gravity wave saturation models suggests that the observed ozone fluctuations are due primarily to atmospheric gravity waves. At m = 1/(1000 m) the mean spectral amplitude is over 30 times larger in the lower stratosphere than in the troposphere. Mean vertical wavenumber spectra in area-preserving form reveal dominant vertical wavelengths of ∼2.6 km in the troposphere and ∼2.7 km in the lower stratosphere, which is consistent with the values varying between 1.5 and 3.0 km estimated from the velocity field and temperature field at these heights.     

飞机座舱臭氧浓度分析研究

飞机座舱内臭氧浓度会影响舱内空气质量,进而影响到人员身体健康。为此,适航当局在适航条例及其修正案中对座舱内臭氧浓度进行了规定。根据臭氧浓度相关适航条例要求,选取国内航线上两个地方臭氧浓度的测量数据,进行了臭氧浓度的计算分析。     

毫米波大气臭氧探测辐射计系统设计

平流层臭氧浓度对于地球气候变化和生态环境有着重要影响. 具有谱分析能力的高光谱毫米波辐射计是一种用来探测大气痕量气体的被动式微波遥感器, 能够有效探测大气臭氧垂直廓线, 在空间地球科学领域中具有十分重要的应用价值. 本文研制了一种探测平流层大气臭氧吸收谱线的新型高光谱毫米波臭氧辐射计系统, 该系统结构包括射频接收机和数字后端谱分析仪. 射频接收机部分采用超外差结构获取142.175 GHz±100 MHz带宽信号, 数字后端谱分析部分采用高性能模数转换器对输入模拟信号进行5×10⁸ sample·s^–1采样, 14 bit量化, 输入信号3 dB带宽200 MHz, 通过高性能现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)获取信号功率谱, 实现了探测通道数16384, 谱分辨率12.2 kHz. 根据辐射计系统关键模块的设计方案、器件选型和测试方法, 开展大气探测实验, 并将实验结果与大气辐射传输模拟软件(ARTS)仿真结果进行对比, 得出系统灵敏度及各项指标可以满足大气臭氧反演需求, 验证了系统设计的正确性, 满足平流层臭氧浓度监测、预警及其导致的气候变化研究的应用需求.     

Ozone variability related to several SEP events occurring during solar cycle no. 23

Data from geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) series were used to identify intense solar energetic particle (SEP) events occurred during the solar activity cycle no. 23. We retrieved O₃, NO, NO₂, HNO₃, OH, HCl and OHCl profiles coming from different satellite sensors (solar occultation and limb emission) and we looked for the mesospheric/stratospheric response to SEPs at high terrestrial latitudes. The chemistry of the minor atmospheric components is analysed to evaluate the associated odd nitrogen (NO_x) and odd hydrogen (HO_x) production, able to cause short (h) and medium (days) term ozone variations. We investigated the effects of SEPs on the polar atmosphere in three different seasons, i.e., January 2005, April 2002 and July 2000. The inter-hemispheric variability of the ozone, induced by the SEP series of January 2005, has been compared with the effects connected both to larger and quite similar events. We found that during SEP events: (i) solar illumination is the key factor driving SEP-induced effects on the chemistry of the polar atmosphere; (ii) even events with limited particle flux in the range 15–40 MeV are able to change the abundance of the minor constituents in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere.     

短波长紫外辐射变化与臭氧含量涨落之间的关系

位于低纬地区的印度同时测量了短波紫外辐射与臭氧含量,表明臭氧含量下降3%,短波紫外辐射通量(290nm)上升35%.但这个数值大于以往理论预期的数值.本文给出一个简单公式,这个公式描述了臭氧含量的变化与相应的紫外辐射变化之间的关系,用此公式计算得出的结果与印度测得的结果相符,很好地解释了低纬地区的印度测量的臭氧涨落与其相应的短波长紫外辐射变化之间的关系.