有限推力下相对绕飞轨道的直接形成

提出了一种有限推力下主动航天器在完成轨道转移的同时形成相对目标航天器绕飞的方法。根据以改进春分点轨道根数表示的非奇异轨道摄动方程,用变分方法将问题转化为经典的最优控制,由相对运动动力学获得主动航天器实现绕飞须满足的终端约束条件,再用非线性规划求解。给出了求解模型。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法理论上可行,但为减少干扰产生的偏差,还需对绕飞形成过程中的导引率进行研究。     

用进化算法求解轨道转移的时间-能量优化问题

随着航天任务需求的多样化,对航天器轨道转移问题不但提出了最省燃料的要求,而且提出了最小时间的要求,这篇文章用进化算法解决了这一组合优化问题,仿真结果证明了算法的有效性。     

空间机动目标的跟踪和定位

轨道机动控制过程中,推力加速度的不确定性是机动目标运动的主项摄动。通过对推力加速度和机动目标运动建模,在地心惯性系建立了增广系统状态动力学模型,在地平测量坐标系建立了离散量测模型,同时讨论了机动目标增广状态非线性动力学模型的线性化问题。给出了扩展卡尔曼滤波实时估计增广状态向量的算法,仿真分析证明所述算法稳定、收敛,对机动目标具有较高的定位精度。     

航天器轨道机动的闭环控制精度分析

利用线性协方差分析法对航天器在闭环控制作用下轨道机动的精度问题进行了研究。首先,分析了存在的主要误差,给出了误差影响下航天器轨道机动闭环控制的系统框图。然后建立了开环和闭环控制系统协方差分析的数学模型,并根据轨道方程线性化给出了脉冲速度修正算法。对赤道大椭圆轨道卫星开环和闭环控制下轨道机动的精度问题进行了分析,与Monte Carlo仿真结果与一致,校验了方法的有效性与正确性。     

Effects of space weather on the ionosphere and LEO satellites’ orbital trajectory in equatorial,low and middle latitude

We study the effects of space weather on the ionosphere and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites’ orbital trajectory in equatorial, low- and mid-latitude (EQL, LLT and MLT) regions during (and around) the notable storms of October/November, 2003. We briefly review space weather effects on the thermosphere and ionosphere to demonstrate that such effects are also latitude-dependent and well established. Following the review we simulate the trend in variation of satellite’s orbital radius (r), mean height (h) and orbit decay rate (ODR) during 15 October–14 November 2003 in EQL, LLT and MLT. Nominal atmospheric drag on LEO satellite is usually enhanced by space weather or solar-induced variations in thermospheric temperature and density profile. To separate nominal orbit decay from solar-induced accelerated orbit decay, we compute $r\text{,}h$ and ODR in three regimes viz. (i) excluding solar indices (or effect), where $r=r_0\text{,}h=h_0$ and $\mathit{ODR}={\mathit{ODR}}_0$ (ii) with mean value of solar indices for the interval, where $r=r_m\text{,}h=h_m$ and $\mathit{ODR}={\mathit{ODR}}_m$ and (iii) with actual daily values of solar indices for the interval ($r\text{,}h$ and ODR). For a typical LEO satellite at h?=?450?km, we show that the total decay in r during the period is about 4.20?km, 3.90?km and 3.20?km in EQL, LLT and MLT respectively; the respective nominal decay ($r_0$) is 0.40?km, 0.34?km and 0.22?km, while solar-induced orbital decay ($r_m$) is about 3.80?km, 3.55?km and 2.95?km. h also varied in like manner. The respective nominal ${\mathit{ODR}}_0$ is about 13.5?m/day, 11.2?m/day and 7.2?m/day, while solar-induced ${\mathit{ODR}}_m$ is about 124.3?m/day, 116.9?m/day and 97.3?m/day. We also show that severe geomagnetic storms can increase ODR by up to 117% (from daily mean value). However, the extent of space weather effects on LEO Satellite’s trajectory significantly depends on the ballistic co-efficient and orbit of the satellite, and phase of solar cycles, intensity and duration of driving (or influencing) solar event.     

基于均匀圆形天线阵的涡旋电磁波产生与接收误差分析

为分析均匀圆形天线阵产生与接收涡旋电磁波时的误差特性,研究天线阵元激励相位存在高斯分布误差、量化误差以及单个阵元误差时产生的涡旋电磁波幅相特征,计算轨道角动量模态并给出准确辨认模态时的各误差阈值,分析接收阵列与产生阵列不平行时的幅相分布.仿真结果表明,在各类相位误差条件下,涡旋电磁波主瓣幅度由环状变得不规则,相位在主瓣宽度内保持良好,轨道角动量模态在小倾斜角接收误差下不能辨认.研究结果说明涡旋电磁波对各类激励相位误差具有良好的抗干扰特性,对倾斜角接收误差具有较高的敏感性,这将为利用涡旋电磁波实现多路复用奠定基础.     

近距离空间交会动力学

首先研究两个飞行器在近距离相对运动的动力学方程,包括简易（线性化）和精确模型;其次推导出一个工程实用在轨道平面内保持点轨迹椭圆方程;最后讨论保持点的动力学特性和轨道摄动对保持点的影响。     

在轨加注用超声波流量计的设计与试验

针对航天器在轨加注对推进剂流量的精确测量要求,研制了在轨加注用超声波流量计。在对传播时间法研究的基础上,提出流量计管路布局的设计要求,采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)的方法模拟4种不同管路布局(直角型、45°锐角型、直线型和圆弧型)对流体速度分布的影响,对比得到了优化的管路布局。信号处理电路使用斩波稳定比较器,通过阈值比较法,保证了传播时间的测量精度。流量计经标定后,在量程（0～150g/s）范围内可达到0.1%的测量精度。为了验证在轨加注过程中流量计的作用,在地面环境下进行了在轨加注地面模拟试验,试验表明超声波流量计在推进剂在轨加注中使用是可行的和必要的。     

Stabilization of an injected conducting layer for artificially enhancing drag on orbital debris

The evolution of a magnetized conducting medium suspended in magnetic and gravitational fields is examined. In this paper some effects of the influence of velocity fields on the linear stability properties of such layers are investigated. A fully compressible, three-dimensional analysis of the layer is described. The relevant equations are derived and then solved by the MagnetoHydroDynamic SPEctral Compressible Linear Stability (MHDSPECLS) algorithm, a Chebyshev collocation code. The code allows for the computation of magnetic and thermal effects. A complete stabilization of the system is found above a critical velocity of approximately 2500 m/s.     

空间交会寻的最优轨道机动

研究了交会寻的阶段的燃料优化问题。在经典Ｃ－Ｗ方法基础上,导出了考虑第一次脉冲位置的双脉冲寻的燃料优化方法。当寻的时间给定时,优化变量为第一次脉冲启动的时刻;当寻的时间不定时,优化变量为第一次脉冲启动的时刻和寻的时间。仿真结果表明,考虑和不考虑第一次脉冲位置,燃料消耗差别悬殊。对于地面站较少、要求寻的时间比较长的情况,该方法有重要意义。