卫星轨道保持的一类控制模型

地球赤道静止卫星希望其定点位置固定不变 ;采用轨迹重复的近地轨道的对地遥感卫星 ,需要具有固定的地面轨迹位置 ;如果这类遥感卫星还同时采用太阳同步轨道 ,则还要求降交点地方平太阳时固定不变。上述这三种情况虽然其物理机制各不相同 ,但其变化及控制过程可以抽象出一种共同的模型。文章首先给出这个统一的模型并对其进行讨论 ,然后将结果应用到所述的三种具体情况     

平均轨道要素及其在卫星星座设计中的应用

平均轨道要素在卫星轨道设计及星座仿真中具有非常重要的作用。在综合国内外现有研究成果的基础上，给出了一整套简单实用、没有奇点的密切要素与平均要素间的相互转化方法，用此法进行的星座设计及仿真工作表明该方法非常有用。同时给出了利用平均轨道要素得以的关于赤道平面圆轨道的一个有意义的结论。     

Orbital stability close to asteroid 624 Hektor using the polyhedral model

We investigate the orbital stability close to the unique L4-point Jupiter binary Trojan asteroid 624 Hektor. The gravitational potential of 624 Hektor is calculated using the polyhedron model with observational data of 2038 faces and 1021 vertexes. Previous studies have presented three different density values for 624 Hektor. The equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor with different density values have been studied in detail. There are five equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor no matter the density value. The positions, Jacobian, eigenvalues, topological cases, stability, as well as the Hessian matrix of the equilibrium points are investigated. For the three different density values the number, topological cases, and the stability of the equilibrium points with different density values are the same. However, the positions of the equilibrium points vary with the density value of the asteroid 624 Hektor. The outer equilibrium points move away from the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases, and the inner equilibrium point moves close to the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases. There exist unstable periodic orbits near the surface of 624 Hektor. We calculated an orbit near the primary’s equatorial plane of this binary Trojan asteroid; the results indicate that the orbit remains stable after 28.8375?d.     

遗传算法在星座多星接近轨道优化中的应用

以三颗非共轨的Walker星座卫星为研究对象, 对航天器无需变轨与其接近的可能性进行研究. 将Lambert方法得到的航天器轨道作为初始轨道, 利用遗传算法对初始轨道进行优化. 对初始轨道在参考时刻位置和速度的改变量进行编码,形成对应的种群. 以航天器与星座卫星之间的最近距离为适应度函数, 通过种群的繁殖得到优化结果. 结合仿真算例, 分析了最小二乘算法和遗传算法在轨道优化中的优劣以及接近过程中轨道摄动的影响. 结果表明, 遗传算法适用于所提出的轨道改进问题. 研究结果可为单航天器无需变轨对星座多星接近问题提供理论依据.     

On the effect of considering more realistic particle shape and mass parameters in MMOD risk assessments

One of the primary mission risks tracked in the development of all spacecraft is that due to micro-meteoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Both types of particles, especially those larger than 0.1 mm in diameter, contain sufficient kinetic energy due to their combined mass and velocities to cause serious damage to crew members and spacecraft. The process used to assess MMOD risk consists of three elements: environment, damage prediction, and damage tolerance. Orbital debris risk assessments for the Orion vehicle, as well as the Shuttle, Space Station and other satellites use ballistic limit equations (BLEs) that have been developed using high speed impact test data and results from numerical simulations that have used spherical projectiles. However, spheres are not expected to be a common shape for orbital debris; rather, orbital debris fragments might be better represented by other regular or irregular solids. In this paper we examine the general construction of NASA’s current orbital debris (OD) model, explore the potential variations in orbital debris mass and shape that are possible when using particle characteristic length to define particle size (instead of assuming spherical particles), and, considering specifically the Orion vehicle, perform an orbital debris risk sensitivity study taking into account variations in particle mass and shape as noted above. While the results of the work performed for this study are preliminary, they do show that continuing to use aluminum spheres in spacecraft risk assessments could result in an over-design of its MMOD protection systems. In such a case, the spacecraft could be heavier than needed, could cost more than needed, and could cost more to put into orbit than needed. The results obtained in this study also show the need to incorporate effects of mass and shape in mission risk assessment prior to first flight of any spacecraft as well as the need to continue to develop/refine BLEs so that they more accurately reflect the shape and material density variations inherent to the actual debris environment.     

小卫星围绕空间站飞行动力学和控制研究

研究微小卫星围绕空间站飞行, 监视空间站运行和外观状态, 减少航天员舱外活动。这是小卫星一种新的应用概念。文章主要研究绕飞轨道动力学和稳定性, 以及在有摄动情况下保持绕飞轨道的控制策略。这种控制策略所消耗燃料非常少, 根据仿真实验结果, 绕飞卫星飞行一个月消耗的燃料可产生速度增量约为３～４ｍ ／ｓ。     

实时微分控制的算法研究

实时微分控制是进行航天器轨道控制的主要方法。本文在费景高所提出的算法基础上 ,提出了一种有效的改进算法 ,扩大了算法的适用范围。文章对算法的稳定性进行了研究 ,并给出了此算法在弹道导弹显式制导中的应用实例。     

流星体和碎片——航天器的微粒环境综述

介绍了流星体和碎片环境的特征和分布以及它们对航天器的影响和危害,并简单介绍了它们的探测方法和计算模式以及防护措施。     

卫星脉冲推力最优逃逸返回轨迹的非线性规划

重点研究了卫星通过轨道机动逃避碰撞、拦截并经一段时间后返回原轨道的逃逸方式。利用非线性规划理论建立了脉冲推力能量最省的逃逸轨迹规划模型,并考虑非球形摄动的影响对模型进行了修正。通过仿真验证了模型的正确性及求解的可行性,并分析了非球形摄动因素对逃逸过程的影响。     

基于GNSS的高轨卫星定位技术研究

利用全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)进行导航定位具有全球、全天候、实时和高精度的优点,应用于高地球轨道(HEO)卫星的定位,能够提供精确的轨道和姿态确定,并且可以克服目前主要利用地面测控系统对HEO卫星进行定位的设备复杂、投资高等缺点,使得自主导航成为可能.本文对利用GNSS的高轨卫星定位相关技术进行了研究,分析了单一GNSS系统和多个GNSS组合系统的卫星可见性、动态性和几何精度因子(GDOP).通过仿真分析表明,利用组合GNSS系统并通过提高GNSS接收机灵敏度的方法,可以解决GNSS进行HEO卫星定位的相关问题,并能保证HEO卫星定位精度的要求.