大偏心率火星探测器轨道外推的近似方法

对于快自转天体,如地球和火星,由于其非球形引力位中田谐项的振动频率与卫星运动频率相当,会给构造大偏心率环绕型探测器轨道分析解带来无法克服的困难。本文以轨道偏心率e≈0.9的＂萤火虫一号＂（YH-1）火星环绕探测器为例,探讨在精度要求不高的情况下,给出近似分析解和计算效率与其相当的数值解计算方案,以满足在计算资源有限的制约下快速轨道外推的要求。     

含硅芳炔树脂的化学流变特性

含硅芳炔树脂的流变特性对于其RTM成型工艺有重要参考价值,采用DSC热分析及黏度测量表征了含硅芳炔树脂的固化特性和黏度与温度的关系,发现含硅芳炔树脂为典型的牛顿流体,且在100～130℃范围内具有较低黏度,维持时间长.根据其黏度-温度-时间关系建立了双阿伦尼乌斯黏度模型,模型分析与实验结果取得较好的一致性,可为RTM成型工艺窗口的预测提供支撑.     

带有偏心轮的锁钩式结构锁运动性能和力分析

锁钩式结构锁因动作速度快和误差补偿能力好而广泛应用于空间对接装置中。文章对两航天器空间对接正常拉紧过程中带有偏心轮的锁钩式结构锁进行了受力分析 :分析了对接框下端面粗糙度对结构锁拉紧力的影响 ;针对“仅一组钢索传动”的故障情况 ,进行了结构锁的力学计算 ;提出了改善结构锁啮合性能的方法———增大主动钩特征点的 y坐标值 ,尽可能减小偏心轮偏心距。导出了主动钩啮合面法线与对接框平面法线的夹角计算公式以及结构锁法向载荷在啮合间隙误差影响下的计算公式 ,为设计提供依据     

月球垂直软着陆轨道初步设计

采用圆锥曲线拼接法,建立了月球垂直着陆的数学模型;推导了地月转移轨道和一些重要参数的初步设计和计算方法。通过仿真,给出了理想情况下和考虑推力大小时月球垂直着陆轨道运动特性。对运动特性的分析结果可为轨道初步设计提供一定的参考。     

火星探测器轨道运动建模的时空基准转换研究

火星探测的理论研究和工程实践需要一套便于描述火星探测器轨道运动的时空基准转换体系,环火星轨道的探测任务期间需要给出探测器以火星为基准的运动信息,而地面测控只能获得探测器以地球为基准的运动信息。为此,文章定义了一套新的以火星为基准的坐标系以及过渡到以地球为基准的坐标系,并给出了各坐标系转换的求解方法。最后,对以文中所提出的时空转换基准为基础建立的火星探测器轨道运动模型进行数值仿真,并将计算结果同STK进行了比较,验证了该时空转换体系的正确性。     

弹体脉动压力特征的实验研究

针对弹体模型进行了表面脉动压力特性实验研究,实验马赫数M∞=0. 8、0. 84、0. 86、0. 92、1. 0、1. 15、2. 0、2. 5,实验迎角α=-5°、-3°,0°、3°、5°,沿弹体轴向测量了14个特征点的脉动压力,得到了弹体表面测点的脉动压力系数、频谱曲线以及相关性系数等实验数据.结果表明:脉动压力系数总体上随马赫数增加而降低.不同马赫数.迎角α=0°的条件下沿轴向各测点压力脉动之间的空间相关性有类似的分布规律,且各测点脉动压力基本互不相关.在实验的迎角下,脉动压力系数在弹体表面曲率变化较小的位置基本上不随来流迎角的改变而变化,膨胀拐角肩部位置的脉动压力系数随着迎角的改变而变化较大.超声速来流的功率谱能量峰值所对应的主频出现明显的低频特征;跨音速来流时特征频率随着马赫数的增加而增大,功率谱能量峰值位于特征频率处.     

Orbital reference frame estimation with power spectral density constraints for drag-free satellites

The drag-free satellites are widely used in the field of fundamental science as they enable the high-precision measurement in pure gravity fields. This paper investigates the estimation of local orbital reference frame (LORF) for drag-free satellites. An approach, taking account of the combi-nation of the minimum estimation error and power spectral density (PSD) constraint in frequency domain, is proposed. Firstly, the relationship between eigenvalues of estimator and transfer func-tion is built to analyze the suppression and amplification effect on input signals and obtain the eigenvalue range. Secondly, an optimization model for state estimator design with minimum estima-tion error in time domain and PSD constraint in frequency domain is established. It is solved by the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm. Finally, the orbital reference frame estimation of low-earth-orbit satellite is taken as an example, and the estimator of minimum variance with PSD constraint is designed and analyzed using the method proposed in this paper.     

An adaptive strategy for active debris removal

Many parameters influence the evolution of the near-Earth debris population, including launch, solar, explosion and mitigation activities, as well as other future uncertainties such as advances in space technology or changes in social and economic drivers that effect the utilisation of space activities. These factors lead to uncertainty in the long-term debris population. This uncertainty makes it difficult to identify potential remediation strategies, involving active debris removal (ADR), that will perform effectively in all possible future cases. Strategies that cannot perform effectively, because of this uncertainty, risk either not achieving their intended purpose, or becoming a hindrance to the efforts of spacecraft manufactures and operators to address the challenges posed by space debris.     

Orbital maneuver strategy design based on piecewise linear optimization for spacecraft soft landing on irregular asteroids

Recently, asteroid exploration becomes an important branch of human’s deep space activities. In this paper, a piecewise linear optimal orbital maneuver strategy is designed for a spacecraft soft landing on irregular-shaped asteroids. First, the space around an irregular asteroid is converted into several grid units, and the gravitational field of the asteroid is linearly fitted in each unit. Then, the soft-landing orbital maneuver strategy design problem is formulated as a piecewise linear optimal problem, and further transferred into a family of two-point boundary value problems, which can be solved using collocation method. Finally, a corresponding algorithm is developed to obtain the piecewise linear optimal maneuver strategy, which is proved to be able to achieve the soft-landing mission well. Simulation results show that the error of the model linearization is small enough, while the calculation efficiency is remarkably improved, and the robustness of maneuver strategy is also improved.     

Satellite collision probability estimation using polynomial chaos expansions

This paper presents the application of polynomial chaos (PC) to estimating the probability of collision between two spacecraft. Common methods of quantifying this probability for conjunction assessment use either Monte Carlo analyses or include simplifying assumptions to improve tractability. A PC expansion, or PCE, provides a means for approximating the solution to a large set of stochastic ordinary differential equations, which includes orbit propagation. When compared to Monte Carlo methods, non-intrusive, i.e., sampling-based, PCE generation techniques may greatly reduce the number of orbit propagations required to approximate the possibly non-Gaussian, a posteriori probability density function. The presented PC-based method of computing collision probability requires no fundamental simplifying assumptions, and reduces the computation time compared to Monte Carlo. This paper considers two cases where the common conjunction assessment assumptions are no longer valid. The results indeed demonstrate a reduction in computation time when compared to Monte Carlo, and improved accuracy when compared to simplified techniques.