保载条件下FGH95材料的疲劳特性及寿命建模

针对FGH95粉末冶金材料进行了650℃时不同保载形式(拉伸保载、压缩保载和拉压保载)的疲劳试验, 分析了其变形特征和疲劳寿命分布特征以及保载对疲劳寿命的影响.并据此, 为改进保载条件下疲劳寿命的建模, 提出了迟滞环位置-形状修正因子的概念, 进而得到了一种修正的非弹性应变能~寿命方程.经对该材料疲劳试验寿命的建模和计算分析表明:该方法相比其他几种工程上经常采用的寿命预测方程, 较好地解决粉末冶金材料高温保载疲劳时的寿命建模问题, 且该方程对试验寿命预测的精度更高, 形式简单, 具有明显的物理意义.      

The role of AVDR in linear cascade testing

Linear cascade testing plays an important role in the research and development of turbomachinery and is widely used over the world.The ideal cascade model of a turbomachinery blade row is two-dimensional.In actual linear cascade testing, the flow through the test section converges due to the development of the boundary layer and secondary flow along the sidewall surfaces of the test section.Axial velocity density ratio(AVDR) is adopted to account for the deviation of the tested cascade flow from the ideal 2D model.Among numerous published cascade works, the influence of AVDR on cascade performance is seen to be complicated with many affecting factors, such as those related to cascade/blade geometry and flow conditions.Also, controlling AVDR is limited by the facility capability.Furthermore, real blade-to-blade flow in turbomachines is usually associated with AVDR greater than unity due to limited span of blades between the hub and shroud such that cascade testing without reducing AVDR could be favored sometimes.All these facets add complexity and diversification to the matter.The current paper reviews previous studies and results on AVDR.Consolidated understanding on the role of AVDR and recommendations on how to deal with it in linear cascade testing are provided.      

改进的翼型积冰数值模拟方法

基于微团概念,以雨滴运动的基本假设出发,对翼型积冰的拉格朗日方法进行了改进.新方法克服了原方法计算效率低、冰形同雨滴分布密度及网格密度相关的缺点,继承了原方法的鲁棒性,不存在欧拉方法的收敛性问题.为验证方法的正确性,计算了NACA0012翼型在0°和4°攻角下的霜冰积冰情况、表面水收集量和局部撞击系数.结果表明新方法减少了计算量,预测的冰形和实验结果一致,并分析了积冰对气动性能的影响.      

超声马达工作性能影响因素的研究

系统阐述在超声马达的设计、制作过程中的机构设计、制作工艺、驱动电源等方面的关键问题。重点讨论超声振子的粘接技术,振子参数优化设计的方法,以及驱动电源的匹配和频率自动跟踪设计,最终设计出高性能的超声马达。     

应用于控制力矩陀螺电源模块的线性-非线性协同控制器设计

对控制力矩陀螺电源的控制器进行研究,基于对线性控制器及非线性控制器的分析,设计了线性-非线性协同控制器并搭建硬件模型,在电源系统动态调整阶段采用非线性控制器,在稳态阶段采用线性控制器。该方案较单一线性控制器提升了电源系统的动态性能,并保证了系统的稳定性及可靠性。对该鲁棒控制器进行了仿真分析并搭建实物,通过实验验证了相较线性控制器,使用协同控制器的电源模块在控制状态切换时,下冲量与调节时间分别减少了45%及58%,证明了该协同控制器能够有效提升CMG电源系统的动态性能。     

A Novel Onboard-gateway-based Mechanism to Improve TCP Performance in Aeronautical Satellite Networks

The IP-based networks on aircraft serve to support Internet services via satellites. However, in aeronautical satellite hybrid net- works,the TCP protocol performance often deteriorates due to improper decreases and slow recovery of the congestion window. This paper proposes a window size determination and notification mechanism, onboard-gateway-based mechanism (OGBM), which is based on the onboard gateway in the networks on aircraft. A cross-layer approach is adopted by the onboard gateway to obtain the satellite link bandwidth information. And then, by the gateway, through changing the receiver’s advertised window field in ACK packets, TCP sources are notified of the window size of each TCP source calculated on the ground of bandwidth delay product and flow numbers. The mechanism is able to avoid improper changes of TCP window and serve multiple users. Simulation results show that the mechanism with the fairness index close to 1 improves TCP performance in aeronautical satellite networks.     

自动转移飞行器的轨控总体方案

介绍了欧空局的自动转移飞行器（ATV）的轨道控制方案和技术。给出了ATV的飞行方案、测量敏感器和执行机构的配置,以及在空间站调相段、寻的段、接近段和最终逼近段的轨控策略。     

基于IPSO-Elman神经网络的飞机客舱能耗预测

为了提高飞机客舱使用地面空调制冷时客舱能耗的预测精度,提出了一种改进的粒子群优化（IPSO）Elman神经网络的飞机客舱能耗预测模型。依据对算法中惯性权重与学习因子的收敛域分析,得出了二者合理的取值范围,将粒子到全局最优位置间距离与参数的取值范围相结合,构造了惯性权重与学习因子的动态调节函数,对其进行非线性的动态调节,并引入了变异因子,提出了一种跳出局部最优的策略,防止粒子群优化（PSO）陷入局部最优。将IPSO-Elman应用于Boeing738飞机客舱能耗预测中,与PSO-Elman、Elman算法进行性能比较,仿真结果表明基于IPSO-Elman的客舱能耗预测模型在预测精度和收敛速度方面均有一定的提升。该研究结果为飞机客舱能耗预测模型的建立提供了理论依据,对飞机地面空调的节能与机场电能合理调配提供了支持。     

多重应力下滚动轴承剩余寿命预测

为了实现多重应力下滚动轴承的剩余寿命预测,有效利用不用应力下的退化数据,提出了一种基于加速模型和贝叶斯（Bayesian）理论的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测方法。通过拟合优度检验和威布尔（Weibull）概率图检验法对滚动轴承试验中的数据进行有效性分析。利用switching Kalman filters(SKF)判断滚动轴承各时刻的退化状态。当滚动轴承进入加速退化时,用指数模型拟合轴承退化过程,利用广义线性对数模型表示退化模型参数与应力的关系,根据修正后的轴承实时退化数据利用贝叶斯算法更新模型参数,得到滚动轴承剩余寿命的概率密度函数,从而实现滚动轴承剩余寿命预测。采用XJTU-SY轴承数据集进行验证,预测结果的均方根误差在20 min以内,证明该方法能够有效预测滚动轴承的剩余寿命。     

Using the radial basis function neural network to predict ionospheric critical frequency of F2 layer over Wuhan

Neural networks (NNs) have been applied to ionospheric predictions recently. This paper uses radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) to forecast hourly values of the ionospheric F₂ layer critical frequency(f_oF₂), over Wuhan (30.5N, 114.3E), China. The false nearest neighbor method is used to determine the embedding dimension, and the principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce noise and dimension. The whole study is based on a sample of about 26,000 observations of f_oF₂ with 1-h time resolution, derived during the period from January 1981 to December 1983. The performance of RBF-NN is estimated by calculating the normalized root-mean-squared (NRMSE) error, and its results show that short-term predictions of f_oF₂ are improved.