RadioAstron orbit determination and evaluation of its results using correlation of space-VLBI observations

A crucial part of a space mission for very-long baseline interferometery (VLBI), which is the technique capable of providing the highest resolution images in astronomy, is orbit determination of the mission’s space radio telescope(s). In order to successfully detect interference fringes that result from correlation of the signals recorded by a ground-based and a space-borne radio telescope, the propagation delays experienced in the near-Earth space by radio waves emitted by the source and the relativity effects on each telescope’s clock need to be evaluated, which requires accurate knowledge of position and velocity of the space radio telescope. In this paper we describe our approach to orbit determination (OD) of the RadioAstron spacecraft of the RadioAstron space-VLBI mission. Determining RadioAstron’s orbit is complicated due to several factors: strong solar radiation pressure, a highly eccentric orbit, and frequent orbit perturbations caused by the attitude control system. We show that in order to maintain the OD accuracy required for processing space-VLBI observations at cm-wavelengths it is required to take into account the additional data on thruster firings, reaction wheel rotation rates, and attitude of the spacecraft. We also investigate into using the unique orbit data available only for a space-VLBI spacecraft, i.e. the residual delays and delay rates that result from VLBI data processing, as a means to evaluate the achieved OD accuracy. We present the results of the first experience of OD accuracy evaluation of this kind, using more than 5000 residual values obtained as a result of space-VLBI observations performed over 7 years of the RadioAstron mission operations.     

Advanced ensemble modeling method for space object state prediction accounting for uncertainty in atmospheric density

For objects in the low Earth orbit region, uncertainty in atmospheric density estimation is an important source of orbit prediction error, which is critical for space traffic management activities such as the satellite conjunction analysis. This paper investigates the evolution of orbit error distribution in the presence of atmospheric density uncertainties, which are modeled using probabilistic machine learning techniques. The recently proposed “HASDM-ML,” “CHAMP-ML,” and “MSIS-UQ” machine learning models for density estimation (Licata and Mehta, 2022b; Licata et al., 2022b) are used in this work. The investigation is convoluted because of the spatial and temporal correlation of the atmospheric density values. We develop several Monte Carlo methods, each capturing a different spatiotemporal density correlation, to study the effects of density uncertainty on orbit uncertainty propagation. However, Monte Carlo analysis is computationally expensive, so a faster method based on the Kalman filtering technique for orbit uncertainty propagation is also explored. It is difficult to translate the uncertainty in atmospheric density to the uncertainty in orbital states under a standard extended Kalman filter or unscented Kalman filter framework. This work uses the so-called “consider covariance sigma point (CCSP)” filter that can account for the density uncertainties during orbit propagation. As a test-bed for validation purposes, a comparison between CCSP and Monte Carlo methods of orbit uncertainty propagation is carried out. Finally, using the HASDM-ML, CHAMP-ML, and MSIS-UQ density models, we propose an ensemble approach for orbit uncertainty quantification for four different space weather conditions.     

A wall-thickness compensation strategy for wax pattern of hollow turbine blade

As an important index affecting the aerodynamic performance and the structural strength of hollow turbine blades, the wall-thickness precision of the blade is mainly inherited from the positional relationship between the corresponding wax pattern and the internal ceramic core. However, due to locating errors, the actual position of ceramic core is always deviated from the ideal position, which makes it difficult to guarantee the wall-thickness precision of the wax pattern. To solve this problem, a wall-thickness compensation strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the industrial computed tomography (ICT) technique and curve matching algorithms, a model reconstruction method is developed, with which the 3D model of a trial wax pattern can be easily constructed. After that, focusing on eliminating the wall-thickness errors of the trial wax pattern, an optimization method for the pose of the ceramic core in the wax pattern is proposed. Then, by mapping the optimal pose of the ceramic core to length adjustments of the locating rods, the wall-thickness errors of the wax pattern can be greatly reduced. A case study is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed compensation strategy.     

视觉检测系统定位误差分离及修正技术探讨

介绍了视觉检测系统中的机械定位系统，讨论了两种定位方法──“硬件定位”（机械定位）及“软件定位”（定位误差的修正和补偿技术）。     

浅析不确定度与误差的概念与方法──兼评“精度”等用语

为推行ＩＳＯ１９９３（Ｅ）测量不确定度表示指南，就测量不确定度与测量误差概念上的异同、测量不确定度评定与测量误差分析的关系以及“精度”等用语阐述作者的一些见解。     

三维曲面测量新方法：半球头测量法

提出的半球头测量法从理论上消除了三维曲面截形测量时由于被测曲面的扭曲对测头所造成的干涉,使曲面测量直接转化为曲线测量,从而简化了测量和数据处理过程,为曲面测量提供了一种既简便实用又具有较高精度的新方法。     

卫星指令控制系统中的信息反馈校验监督

本文讨论采用信息反馈校验方式的卫星指令控制系统的信息反馈校验监督能力问题。提出了关于信息反馈校验指令控制系统的最佳监督概念和校验监督能力的概率表示。还讨论了改善系统校验监督能力的途径。利用本文给出的概率分析方法,可以完成系统性能的评价。     

从戴维南定理实验看如何消除电工实验中的误差

本文阐述了在电工测量中误差产生的原因,提出了消除电工实验误差的方法,并以实验数据加以分析。对于提高测量精度有一定意义。     

测量不确定度的计算方法

本文主要介绍一种在美国已被普遍采用的测量不确定度的计算方法。着重介绍这种方法的分析步骤、误差的分类、随机不确定度、系统误差限和总不确定度的计算方法,同时还探讨了这种方法尚待进一步研究的问题。最后,作为例子,给出了这种方法在风洞热流传感器校准试验中的应用。     

码分复用系统的纠错码

依据有限域直和与有限环同构的代数性质，对多路复用系统构造线性分组码。其特点是既实现码分复用，又具有纠错能力，提高系统的传输可靠性。合路器是一种同构映射运算，将ｍ路有限域上的线性分组码唯一地映射成有限环上的单一码字，实现在宽带信道上同时传输ｍ路数据。收端经逆映射完成分路，一旦发生信道传输错误时，译码器在各码纠错能力范围内实现纠错。文中叙述了复用系统线性分组码的编译码方法，给出了同构映射运算的算法。