The Marginal Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter for Mixed Linear/Nonlinear State Space Models

In this paper, the marginal Rao-Blackwellized particle filter （MRBPF）, which fuses the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter （RBPF） algorithm and the marginal particle filter （MPF） algorithm, is presented. The state space is divided into linear and non-linear parts, which can be estimated separately by the MPF and the optional Kalman filter. Through simulation in the terrain aided navigation （TAN） domain, it is demonstrated that, compared with the RBPF, the root mean square errors （RMSE） and the error variance of the nonlinear state estimations by the proposed MRBPF are respectively reduced by 29% and 96%, while the unique particle count is increased by 80%. It is also found that the MRBPF has better convergence properties, and analysis has shown that the existing RBPF is nothing more than a special case of the MRBPF.     

一种基于亚像素匹配的高精度视觉定位方法

大多数应用到无人机景象匹配导航中的匹配算法都只能满足像素级精度,且当无人机利用景象匹配定位时图像之间往往存在较大的视觉差异,这种情况下图像匹配精度低且性能会急剧下降。所以选用具有仿射不变特性的特征点进行匹配,结合高斯亚像素拟合原理及特征描述符简化方法,并采用渐进采样一致性(PROSAC)算法剔除误匹配点,最终实现亚像素级的景象匹配定位。实验结果表明,采用此方法可以大大提高图像匹配的精度,提高到0.05像素以内。     

噪声协方差估计新算法在惯性导航系统中的仿真研究

研究一种在动态系统常值误差未知的情况下对线性时变随机系统误差协方差进行估计的新方法。该方法通过构造一个新的时间序列,其协方差由未知参数的线性组合组成,然后用递推最小二乘法来计算新序列的协方差,该方法不需要任何关于噪声的先验知识。从仿真结果来看达到了较好的效果。     

一种新的车载DR系统自适应卡尔曼滤波模型

提出了车载DR系统(Dead-Reckoning System)改进的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波模型及其滤波算法.由于考虑了速率陀螺漂移误差中的马尔柯夫过程成分,和采用描述机动载体运动的"当前"统计模型及自适应算法,提高了DR系统模型的准确性.计算机仿真结果表明,应用该模型和算法与改进前相比,DR系统的定位精度得到明显提高.     

自适应卡尔曼滤波实时性研究及其应用

自适应卡尔曼滤波在估计系统状态的同时，也估计系统噪声统计值，因而计算量很大，通常在实际的应用中，其实时性很难保证。通过在ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ３０芯片上实现惯性导航系统／全球定位系统（ＩＮＳ／ＧＰＳ）组合导航系统的自适应卡尔曼滤波可以看出，采用ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ３０芯片来解决自适应卡尔曼滤波的实时性问题是可行的。     

Tomographic determination of the spatial distribution of water vapor using GPS observations

With the advent of the GPS navigation system, a promising ground based technique has been introduced which makes it possible to estimate the amount of water vapor in the troposphere from operational GPS networks at relatively low additional costs. While the estimation of the integrated amount is currently well established, the determination of the spatial water vapor distribution and its temporal variation are still a major challenge. To account for the vertical resolution, several tomographic approaches were pursued. We developed the software package AWATOS (atmospheric water vapor tomography software) which is based on the assimilation of double differenced GPS observations. Applying a least-squares inversion, the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of water vapor is determined. An extensive investigation has been carried out in Switzerland. GPS measurements are performed by the dense permanent Swiss national GPS network AGNES of the Swiss Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo). A total of 40 equally distributed water vapor profiles have been estimated on an hourly basis. For the purpose of validation, 22 radiosonde profiles were used at the GPS and meteorological station Payerne. Furthermore, data of the numerical weather model aLMo (alpine model in Switzerland, MeteoSwiss) were compared with the tomographic results. An overall good agreement of the three methods with an rms of better than 1.6 g/m³ absolute humidity was achieved. The results show that AGNES can be used as a dedicated network for the purpose of GPS-tomography, using a horizontal resolution of approximately 50 km and height layers of 300–500 m thickness in the lower troposphere.     

一种高精度角速率圆锥补偿算法

以角速率信号作为算法输入时,采用以往常用的圆锥补偿算法,算法误差明显增大.鉴于光纤陀螺角速率信号可以直接获取,提出了一种以角速率信号作为圆锥补偿算法输入的新补偿算法.在姿态更新周期内,以光纤陀螺角速率信号作为输入,求得陀螺角速率输出的表达式,结合旋转矢量微分方程,推导出新圆锥补偿算法表达式,然后以算法漂移误差最小对新算法进行优化.采用规则进动、典型的圆锥运动以及有噪声干扰的圆锥运动作为测试输入,通过与传统算法的对比,新算法计算量低、计算简单方便,算法精度高.新算法的提出为高动态环境下光纤陀螺捷联系统的姿态误差补偿提供了一个新的思路.     

三星定位／SINS伪距组合导航系统的研究

双星定位系统是中国建立起来的一种区域性全球定位系统（RDSS）。文章分析了双星定位系统存在的不足，提出了在双星定位系统上基于三颗地球同步卫星的三星定位导航系统，接收机可以根据测得的三个伪距以及高度表信息解算用户装置。进一步研究了三星定位系统与SINS进行伪距方式组合的导航系统，仿真结果表明了该组合导航系统可有效地提高定位精度，是一种非常适合于中国国情的惯性/卫星组合导航系统。     

H∞滤波在惯导系统地面快速对准中的应用

阐述了H_∞滤波器的设计过程,并将H_∞滤波方法应用于惯导系统地面初始对准.文中建立了惯导系统的误差模型,并对其进行了可观性分析,利用H_∞滤波方法对可观子系统进行了滤波计算,给出了在噪声统计特性未知方差有界情况下惯导系统初始对准的仿真曲线,仿真结果表明该方法克服了卡尔曼滤波对噪声的苛刻要求,滤波效果能够满足工程需要,进一步说明H_∞滤波应用于惯导系统初始对准是有效的.为提高对准速度,文中给出了方位误差角的一种快速估计方法,结果表明该方法是可行的.     

绳系卫星释放及工作态动力学分析

考虑强系卫星系统强索质量的影响，导出三维空间动力学方程，运用Pontryagin极小值理论求出释放过程中张力优化控制规律；得到最佳释放速度变化曲线，对子星工作阶段进行动力学分析。讨论系统质心沿椭圆轨道运动与姿态运动的耦合，文中附有算例。