偏视场光学系统视场优化设计方法

文章以同轴三反偏视场光学系统型式为例,利用ZEMAX宏建立优化函数,实现了将光学系统视场中心位置、视场大小作为变量进行优化设计,从而实现了综合考虑光学系统视场、像质及相关尺寸要求的整体优化.     

液氧/甲烷同轴喷雾及火焰稳定的试验

介绍了液氧和气态甲烷的低温同轴喷雾燃烧试验,试验使用了光学诊断方法如阴影法和火焰分光光谱法记录了试验中的喷雾和火焰信息,讨论了不同燃烧室压力和喷注无量纲数如韦伯数(We)和气液动量流率比下的雾化和火焰稳定情况。试验结果表明,燃烧室压力对射流雾化和火焰稳定有显著影响,增加燃烧室压力有利于火焰稳定于靠近喷注器面的地方,研究中没有发现火焰吹离距离和韦伯数之间有明显的关系式。液氧射流核心长度随气液动量流率比的增大而下降。雾化质量对液氧/甲烷同轴喷雾的火焰稳定性有明显的影响。     

红外探测器时间常数测试系统(一)

介绍了红外探测器时间常数测量装置的建立,关键技术的解决,并进行了不确定度的验证。     

离子推力器欠聚焦冲击电流的数值模拟

离子光学系统的离子束引出过程是离子推力器重要的物理过程,该过程直接关系到推力器的推力、比冲、效率等参数。为研究离子在离子推力器光学系统中的运动特性,使用了基于IFE-PIC（Immersed Finite Element Particle-In-Cell）的离子推力器光学系统离子束引出过程的三维数值计算模型,计算了栅极间电场分布、电荷密度,栅极冲击电流及欠聚焦极限。计算结果表明,当屏栅极电压不同时,发生欠聚焦的等离子束电流也不同。在欠聚焦工况下,一部分离子与栅极碰撞,产生冲击电流。冲击电流随电离室等离子体数密度增加而增大。     

Comparative analysis of global optical observability of satellites in LEO

With a growing number of resident space objects (RSOs), the facilities for near-Earth space surveillance have to cope with increasing workload. It also applies to low-cost small optical surveillance facilities which may present regional, national and global networks. Improved methods of planning and scheduling optical telescopes are required to use these instruments efficiently. Today, optical observations are only feasible if the following quite stringent requirements are met: the object should be illuminated by sunlight, and it should be above while the Sun is below the observer’s horizon. For different orbits, these preconditions result in varying degrees of the space object observability at various ground-based sites. Certainly, satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) are particularly difficult to observe. This study aims at developing a new technique for assessing observability of a satellite in different types of orbits – namely, low, medium and high Earth orbits, imaging of the opportunity for its visibility in respective diagrams and their analysing for the existing near-Earth population of RSOs. Unlike other researches, wherein one or several observational stations have been chosen as target sites for in-depth analyses of visibility of all the satellites or just the selected ones, the present study focuses on examining the probability of optical surveillance of satellites in a certain orbit from any locations worldwide. It offers considerable scope for automation of surveillance planning and scheduling optical surveillance networks.     

DebrisWatch I: A survey of faint geosynchronous debris

Recent anomalies exhibited by satellites and rocket bodies have highlighted that a population of faint debris exists at geosynchronous (GEO) altitudes, where there are no natural removal mechanisms. Despite previous optical surveys probing to around 10–20 cm in size, regular monitoring of faint sources at GEO is challenging, thus our knowledge remains sparse. It is essential that we continue to explore the faint debris population using large telescopes to better understand the risk posed to active GEO satellites. To this end, we present photometric results from a survey of the GEO region carried out with the 2.54 m Isaac Newton Telescope in La Palma, Canary Islands. We probe to 21st visual magnitude (around 10 cm, assuming Lambertian spheres with an albedo of 0.1), uncovering 129 orbital tracks with GEO-like motion across the eight nights of dark-grey time comprising the survey. The faint end of our brightness distribution continues to rise until the sensitivity limit of the sensor is reached, suggesting that the modal brightness could be even fainter. We uncover a number of faint, uncatalogued objects that show photometric signatures of rapid tumbling, many of which straddle the limiting magnitude of our survey over the course of a single exposure, posing a complex issue when estimating object size. This work presents the first instalment of DebrisWatch, an ongoing collaboration between the University of Warwick and the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (UK) investigating the faint population of GEO debris.     

飞行器半实物仿真装备研究进展与展望

根据制导体制不同，分别从光学制导仿真、射频制导仿真、光学/射频复合制导仿真等方面介绍了国内外半实物仿真装备研究进展。结合飞行器对半实物仿真技术提出新的发展需求，提出了全角度空间制导仿真、特殊环境/背景制导仿真、绕飞伴飞仿真、弹体气动伺服弹性仿真等特殊背景的半实物仿真方案。最后，结合飞行器技术和半实物仿真技术发展趋势，对飞行器半实物仿真装备的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Estimation of sediment settling velocity in estuarine and coastal waters using optical remote sensing data

A robust method has been developed for estimating sediment settling velocity (w_s) from high resolution optical remote sensing data in estuarine, coastal and harbor waters. This method estimates settling velocity as a function of the drag coefficient (C_d), Reynolds number (Re), grain size (D₅₀), specific gravity (Δ_SG) and grain shape (in terms of the Corey Shape Factor – CSF). These parameters were derived from the particulate inherent optical properties such as backscattering (b_bp), beam attenuation (c_p), suspended sediment concentration and turbidity using Landsat 8 OLI and HICO data. Preliminary results for the Gulf of Cambay in the eastern Arabian Sea and Yangtze river estuary in the East China Sea, showed that satellite-retrieved settling velocities (m?s^?1) varied from very low values in clear oceanic waters, intermediate values in coastal waters, to very high values in river plumes and sediment-laden coastal waters. The remote sensing retrievals of sediment properties and their settling velocities were generally consistent with the field and laboratory results, which indicate that the proposed methodology will have important implications in various coastal engineering, environmental and management studies.     

Space debris observations with the Slovak AGO70 telescope: Astrometry and light curves

The Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics of Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia (FMPI) operates its own 0.7-m Newtonian telescope (AGO70) dedicated to the space surveillance tracking and research, with an emphasis on space debris. The observation planning focuses on objects on geosynchronous (GEO), eccentric (GTO and Molniya) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) orbits. To verify the system’s capabilities, we conducted an observation campaign in 2017, 2018 and 2019 focused on astrometric and photometric measurements. In last two years we have built up a light curve catalogue of space debris which is now freely available for the scientific community. We report periodic signals extracted from more than 285 light curves of 226 individual objects. We constructed phase diagrams for 153 light curves for which we obtained apparent amplitudes.