A three-dimensional modelling study of the processes leading to mid latitude nitric oxide increases in the lower thermosphere following periods of high geomagnetic activity

The processes leading to enhancements in mid latitude nitric oxide (NO) densities following geomagnetic storms have been investigated using the University College London (UCL) Coupled Middle Atmosphere and Thermosphere (CMAT) general circulation model. A comparison of calculated storm time and quiet time NO densities at 110 km altitude reveals the presence of aurorally produced NO at both high and mid latitudes for several days after subsidence of activity. At 150 km, the NO enhancements are shorter lived and remain for up to approximately 2 days after the storm. By separating the contribution of chemical production and loss, horizontal and vertical advection, and molecular and eddy diffusion in the calculation of NO densities, we show that at 150 km altitude, horizontal transport must be taken into consideration if post-storm mid latitude enhancements are to be reproduced. Chemical production of NO at high latitudes continues for up to 2 days after subsidence of a storm at altitudes of around 150 km. We show that equatorward winds at this altitude are sufficiently strong to transport the aurorally produced NO to mid latitudes. Vertical diffusion transports NO from altitudes of 150 km and above, to lower altitudes where it is longer lived. At 110 km altitude, chemical, diffusive and advective terms must all be included in the calculation of NO density in order to simulate realistic mid latitude enhancements. We propose that it is the combined effects of increased chemical production, downward diffusion from altitudes of 150 km and above, and transport by winds that lead to increases in mid latitude NO density at altitudes of around 110 km. This is the first detailed study of the causes of post-storm mid latitude NO enhancements to use a three-dimensional general circulation model.     

The relationship between ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over East Asia and the tropospheric circulation around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau obtained with a partial correlation method

This paper reports a study on the relationship between ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over East Asia and the tropospheric circulation around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ionospheric TEC over East Asia are obtained from 25 observatories during 1996–2004. By applying a partial correlation method which can eliminate the influences of solar and geomagnetic activities, we find no significant correlation between TEC and the Asian zonal circulation index (Iz), but find a positive correlation between the day-to-day variability of TEC and Iz. We suggest that the positive correlation is closely related with the topography of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The dynamical effect on airflow of the plateau can generate vortexes, and the vortexes may continuously excite internal gravity waves (IGWs) which transmit up to the ionosphere and cause regional wave disturbances. This study gives evidence for the dynamical mechanism of ionosphere–troposphere coupling and shows the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the ionosphere–troposphere coupling over East Asia.     

环境特性对无人直升机着舰控制的影响

空气流场和海浪是无人直升机着舰控制中关键的环境因素。从工程实现的角度研究了空气流场和海浪特性及对着舰控制的主要影响,提出了无人直升机在着舰控制中克服其不利影响的主要措施,供研究和使用者参考。     

环量控制机翼增升及滚转控制特性研究

环量控制作为一种高效的主动流动控制技术,在飞行器的气动改善、姿态控制方面具有巨大潜力.本文设计一套可以实现向下吹气的环量控制装置,并将其应用于飞行器进行气动控制.首先,通过数值模拟选取环量控制参数,同时分析环量控制翼型的气动特性.通过风洞实验,对同尺寸常规舵面模型和带有环量控制装置的模型进行气动力和气动力矩研究;采用粒...     

论公司外部利益循环

从"三挺政策"分析公司外部利益循环,提出公司外部利益循环将面临公司内部权力配置"协同化"的新趋势,对公司股东与外部相关者的利益以及公司的长远发展会产生一定影响。     

双翼尖涡Rayleigh—Ludwieg不稳定性实验研究

采用一种结构化矩形直机翼涡发生器产生一对大小不同、方向相反的翼尖涡,调节双涡涡量的大小比例Г1／Г2及其间距b,触发两涡Rayleigh—Ludwieg不稳定性。实验采用流动显示方法定性观察双涡相互作用过程,通过二维PIV（粒子成像测速）系统定量研究双涡相互作用特征,得到双翼尖涡中主涡及次涡的运动特性、环量-时间特性。对不同实验参数下残余环量比例进行分析,发现双涡涡量大小比例Г1／Г2在1．3～1．4、b为50ram时双涡相交削弱效果良好,能够实现翼尖涡强序削弱程度扶30％～40％。     

稳定射流环量控制的仿真研究

为改善飞行器的升阻特性,提高其机动性能,利用数值仿真技术对稳定射流在超临界翼型的作用效果进行研究。通过动量系数变化对环量控制作用效果影响规律的研究分析后发现:稳定射流环量控制与无射流情况对比,有较强的优越性,在小迎角或负迎角就可以产生较大的升力。通过对后缘半径和射流口高度的变化对环量控制作用效果影响规律的研究分析,得到圆形后缘超临界环量控制翼型的初步设计方法。计算结果可为进一步研究环量控制对飞行器的影响奠定理论基础。     

海洋资料浮标观测系统通讯和导航的一种新方法

提出了利用中国区域定位系统(Chinese Area Positioning System,
CAPS)和CAPS终端开展海洋资料浮标通讯和导航的一种新方法。根据海洋资料浮标发送数据 量大而接收数据量小的特点,创新性地提出利用复合导航电文的方法,将通信地面站出站发 送给通信卫星转发改为导航系统下行转发,将CAPS终端通信部分接收改为导航定位部分接收 ,成功地把CAPS终端发展到CAPS\|OC(Chinese Area Positioning System\|Ocean Communi cation, CAPS\|OC)终端。海上实验表明CAPS\|OC终端及CAPS系统可以满足各种海洋资料浮 标的通讯和导航定位的功能要求,目前有两台CAPS\|OC终端已经成功地应用在浅海大型锚 系浮标观测系统的数据传输中。
     

单自由度扑翼模型脱落涡及其升力机制的实验研究

采用色流实验与particle image velocimetry(PIV)测量相结合的方法,对单自由度扑翼模型所产生的脱落涡进行实验研究,得到以下结论:①在扑翼上扑或下扑的过程中,前后缘处产生连续的牛角形涡环,且脱落涡均存在展向运动.②翼翅表面脱落涡的交替产生,使得翼翅上下表面交替产生不对称分布的压力差.③研究对象产生升力的条件是攻角与来流速度均不为零.④扑翼上扑和下扑过程中,脱落涡环量最大值均出现在单行程的3/5处.⑤脱落涡环量与扑动速度成正比.⑥相比上扑过程,下扑过程中翼翅对流场做功更多,在一个扑动周期内,这多余的能量转换为扑翼升力.     

基于CFD研究等离子体环量控制流场特性

为了研究等离子体气动激励射流在翼型钝尾缘产生Coanda效应时对流场特性的影响,基于雷诺平均N-S方程中添加体积力源项的唯象学仿真方法,建立并优化了等离子体环量控制的数值计算模型,研究了基于分离点的不同激励器位置对流场的影响规律。结果表明,优化激励器位置后环量控制的效费比ΔCL／Cμ最高可以达到113．49。分析发现,当等离子体激励产生的激励射流刚好可以将分离点推移至压力面时,机翼有效弯度增加最为明显,激励效果最好。