An optimization approach for observation association with systemic uncertainty applied to electro-optical systems

The observation to observation measurement association problem for dynamical systems can be addressed by determining if the uncertain admissible regions produced from each observation have one or more points of intersection in state space. An observation association method is developed which uses an optimization based approach to identify local Mahalanobis distance minima in state space between two uncertain admissible regions. A binary hypothesis test with a selected false alarm rate is used to assess the probability that an intersection exists at the point(s) of minimum distance. The systemic uncertainties, such as measurement uncertainties, timing errors, and other parameter errors, define a distribution about a state estimate located at the local Mahalanobis distance minima. If local minima do not exist, then the observations are not associated. The proposed method utilizes an optimization approach defined on a reduced dimension state space to reduce the computational load of the algorithm. The efficacy and efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated on observation data collected from the Georgia Tech Space Object Research Telescope.     

面对接近式威胁的在轨飞行器安全性分析方法

提出了一种针对非合作接近威胁飞行器的安全性分析方法,具备对多脉冲接近的威胁飞行器进行安全性分析的能力,所得结果可对自主规避决策提供支撑。文中给出了安全性分析流程,从能量约束等角度出发,选取脉冲冲量、交会时间以及最小相对距离三种参数作为安全性分析指标;随后对指标标准化,建立了多指标加权综合评价与决策模型。仿真结果表明,在本文模型下,非合作主动接近飞行器施加多脉冲机动变轨对目标器进行接近,其每次脉冲均会在安全性评价值中得到体现,算法可对脉冲真实意图进行准确判断。本文提出的安全性分析方法可推动空间复杂环境下卫星面对各种主动威胁时的安全性分析研究,对未来卫星防护体系及相关技术的研究具有一定参考意义。     

新一代无源微波遥感器及其在地球同步卫星上的应用研究

星载无源微波遥感已发展成为观测大气与地球表面的重要手段，地球同步气象卫星上使用的微波遥感仪器必须是新一代先进的遥感器；它应兼备传统的无源微波大气探测仪及微波成像仪的双重功能。本文叙述了国际上新一代星载无源微波遥感器的研究现状和发展趋势，讨论了在地球同步气象卫星上装载无源微波遥感仪器的可行性及其关键技术，并研究了其频率的选择问题。     

捷联惯组历次测试数据验前分布随机加权中心融合估计法

在小子样理论中,验前分布的获取与表示是一个关键问题。针对捷联惯性测量组合(捷联惯组)历次测试数据验前分布的获取问题,探讨了在异总体情况下,多种验前信息的融合问题。提出了通过随机加权中心融合法实现多种异源信息融合,以获取捷联惯组历次测试数据验前分布,从而减小了小样本情况下的统计分析误差。     

SiC/SiBCN-Si3N4复合材料力学性能研究

为了深入了解SiC/SiBCN-Si₃N₄材料微观形貌与高温力学行为,建立科学可靠的定量表征方法,本文使用多种表征手段对SiC/SiBCN-Si₃N₄材料进行定量观测,首先进行材料孔隙率及密度的测试,随后进行材料高温原位力学性能测试并对材料损伤机理进行了分析,最后基于试验数据构建了一种可解释的深度学习模型,实现了材料高温非线性本构关系预测。样件力学性能分析结果表明：平均应力预测误差为0.27%~0.59%、平均应变预测误差为1.96%~3.41%;同时通过量化分析明确了影响力学性能的因素依次为温度、偏轴角度、孔隙率及密度。本文实现了不同环境温度、偏轴角度与外载荷作用下SiC/SiBCN-Si₃N₄宏观力学性能的预测,可为陶瓷基复合材料高温本构模型的建立提供新思路。     

类似系统可靠性信息在复杂系统Bayes可靠性评估中的应用

先验分布的确定是运用Bayes方法进行复杂系统可靠性评估的先决条件。本文研究了利用类似系统的可靠性信息通过加权融合确定先验分布的方法。对Weibull和指数分布模型的可靠性试验结果,给出Bayes方法可靠性计算公式。最后给出的一个实例表明,该方法计算简便、便于工程应用。      

Random Weighting Estimation Method for Dynamic Navigation Positioning

This paper presents a new random weighting estimation method for dynamic navigation positioning.This method adopts the concept of random weighting estimation to estimate the covariance matrices of system state noises and observation noises for controlling the disturbances of singular observations and the kinematic model errors.It satisfies the practical requirements of the residual vector and innovation vector to sufficiently utilize observation information,thus weakening the disturbing effect of the kinematic model error and observation model error on the state parameter estimation.Theories and algorithms of random weighting estimation are established for estimating the covariance matrices of observation residual vectors and innovation vectors.This random weighting estimation method provides an effective solution for improving the positioning accuracy in dynamic navigation.Experimental results show that compared with the Kalman filtering,the extended Kalman filtering and the adaptive windowing filtering,the proposed method can adaptively determine the covariance matrices of observation error and state error,effectively resist the disturbances caused by system error and observation error,and significantly improve the positioning accuracy for dynamic navigation.     

GPS天线阵列盲信号波束形成研究

针对GPS的抗干扰应用,给出一种不需要先验信息的GPS阵列天线盲信号波束形成新方法,用来提高GPS接收机的性能。首先建立线阵和平面阵列天线的信号模型,然后采用子空间技术剔除干扰信号,并设计多波束形成器来增强整个角空间的GPS信号。在波束形成设计中,应用Dolph-Chebyshev加权法来得到最优的主瓣波束宽度和旁瓣水平。仿真实验表明,采用盲信号波束形成方法,无论是线阵还是平面阵天线,均可以在干扰方向形成有效的零陷,在其余的角空间内增强GPS信号,从而验证了新方法的有效性和正确性。     

The enigma of small satellites for earth observation

Small satellites have captured a continuously increasing share of the market in the fields of science, technology and recently also in the telecommunications and Earth observation areas. User requirements and market opportunities for space based satellite systems for Earth observation products have grown substantially in the past decade. Criteria for the utilization of different classes of satellite systems (small and large) and analogies to developments in other areas, e.g. the telecommunications field are discussed. The end to end character of service and product oriented systems as key criteria for market success in the scientific, applications and commercial areas is underlined. Recent developments in the global change, the Earth observation applications and commercial sectors are reviewed and compared. Opportunities for small satellites in the field are related to technology advancements, cost reduction options, and progress in the state of the art in system design.     

频域加权最优控制在数控系统设计中的应用

在代价函数中具有频率加权的LQ方法是一般LQ方法的推广,它比LQ方法能较好地抑制高频范围内的响应。本文介绍了采用频率加权方法设计的实验性桥式起重机数字控制系统,该系统在起重机突然起动或停止时,可以控制吊物的位置不产生严重的残留振荡。研究表明频率加权最优控制是有效的,系统成功的抑制了吊物的摆动。