卫星双向法与卫星测距

卫星双向时间比对是目前远距离台站时间比对精度最高的时间同步技术,时间比对精度达几百皮秒,比GPS共视技术的时间比对精度几乎高一个数量级。中科院国家授时中心根据多台站卫星时间比对经验,提出利用卫星双向比对技术进行卫星测距(称转发器定轨)。实验证明:利用卫星双向技术(卫星需要转发器)进行卫星测距,可得到高精度卫星轨道(内符精度为几厘米)和卫星预报轨道。     

星图匹配观测三角形优化选取技术

为了提高三角形星图识别算法的成功率,减少匹配过程中的计算量,进而提高星敏感器实时输出姿态的性能,提出一种星图匹配前“二次优化”选取观测三角形方法,该方法在在初选观测三角形的基础上,对观测三角形进行第二次优化筛选,进而提高星图识别环节的效率。优化选取观测三角形是基于QUEST定姿原理,将观测三角形的边与夹角的约束关系转换到像平面上。全天球遍历分析统计结果表明：在12°×12°视场中,采用本文提出的方法,可使一次匹配成功并输出可用于星图验证环节的较高精度姿态信息的概率提高60.9％,从总体上可大大减少星敏感器星图识别环节的计算量,并且每帧全天球定姿输出的时间一致性也被大大提高。     

称重法低温介质流量校验系统方案研究

液体火箭发动机试验中,流量测量的准确度至关重要。不同于常温流量测量,低温推进剂的流量测量有其特殊性。介绍了称重法低温介质流量校验原理、方法及方案,对流入法排出气体及流出法增压气体流量简略计算公式进行了推导;针对低温容器气枕换热传质特点,对气枕平均温度的一致性进行了讨论。得出了流入法排出气体流量一致性较好、采用流入法可以使低温流量计检定准确度更高的结论。     

一种提高MIMO雷达角闪烁抑制性能的方法

针对MIMO雷达体制下角闪烁引起的测角误差问题,提出了一种基于RCS自适应融合加权的抑     

火箭弹卷弧尾翼结构优化设计

为使火箭弹卷弧尾翼在承受特定气动载荷情况下的自身结构质量最小,对其进行了结构优化设计.以包括尾翼弦长、厚度、前缘后掠角等在内的6个几何参数作为设计变量,对应的强度和变形量为约束,以有限元法为分析工具,以非线性规划为搜索算法在整个设计空间里进行优化计算,取得了较好结果,卷弧翼减重效果明显.随后对优化结果进行权重分析,得到了对优化目标和约束影响较大的设计变量,分别是卷弧的圆心角和翼片厚度.最后,讨论了包括气动优化在内的进一步研究方向.     

高轨目标监视系统星座设计和探测效能分析

针对高轨目标编目与成像的应用需求,提出一种运行于亚同步轨道、兼具对同步带目标远距离探测编目和近距离成像侦察的高轨天基星座。根据同步带目标探测编目要求,推导和分析了星座的轨道部署和光学相机扫描方式对目标探测效能的影响,确定了顺行轨道的双星星座可行解更多,综合探测效能更高。设计了一种符合顺光观测约束的姿态导引律,结合可行解中选取一组解进行仿真,结果表明：在夏至和秋分两种工况下,采用顺行轨道的双星星座,可对轨道倾角不大于相机半视场的所有同步带目标进行无缝遍历,且每天的探测次数不小于4次,观测弧长不小于1分钟,与理论推导一致。     

一种基于相关的分层匹配与目标跟踪方法

提出了一种基于相关的自适应阈值区域匹配、匹配区域分层加权和模板自适应更新的目标跟踪方法,该方法能在序列图像中自适应地寻找最佳的动态阈值与更新模板;采用区域分层加权后经相关图形分析及实验验证,能使相关的目标最佳匹配区域更小,匹配中心更加突出且易于匹配,从而缩小了匹配范围,提高了匹配精度。同时提出了一种区域分层快速搜索算法,该算法能较大地提高匹配速度。实验结果表明该方法匹配精度高、匹配速度快、能克服不同光强背景及噪声干扰等影响,具有较强的实用价值。     

Pre-correction X-ray pulsar navigation algorithm based on asynchronous overlapping observation method

In order to shorten the data update period and further improve the accuracy, a pre-correction X-ray pulsar navigation algorithm based on asynchronous overlapping observation method is proposed. The asynchronous overlapping observation method partially overlaps the two adjacent observation periods, so that the data update period depends on the minimum pulsar observation period rather than the maximum like the other algorithms. The number of sampling points is also reduced to 2, which will effectively reduce the calculation burden. The proposed pre-correction extended Kalman filter uses observation data of adjacent sampling points to achieve a two-fold correction and makes up for the problem of insufficient observations on some sampling points caused by the observation method. Finally, simulations show that the proposed algorithm reduces the position and velocity errors by 21.55% and 19.13% compared to the EKF based on asynchronous observation method when using three detectors to observe the corresponding pulsars simultaneously. At the same time, the running time of one data update calculation is only 6.6% more than that of the EKF algorithm based on synchronous observation method.     

The impact of error covariance matrix structure of GRACE’s gravity solution on the mass flux estimates of Greenland ice sheet

The error variance-covariance matrices of the monthly GRACE gravity field models are usually well-structured (e.g., order-leading) to contain the error information of the monthly gravity field models, and they are important information to further improve the accuracy of the estimated mass transportation by a post-processing scheme. Intensive studies have been performed to understand the impact of different approximations of the full error variance-covariance matrix on the mass estimates obtained with the conventional GRACE-post processing methods (e.g., the de-striping method). In this study, based on the variants of the mascon approach which treat monthly GRACE solutions as input, we consider four different structures to the error variance-covariance matrix, (i) full matrix, (ii) block diagonal matrix, (iii) diagonal matrix, and (iv) identity matrix, and examine their impact on the mass transport estimates in Greenland. Using both synthetic and real data, we analyze the results at four temporal scales: (i) the long-term decadal scale, (ii) the inter-annual scale, (iii) the seasonal scale, and (iv) the monthly scale. Based on the synthetic study, we find that for the recovery of the long-term trend, the application of the diagonal structure obtains the best estimates. This is caused by the amplification of the model error in the mascon approach when considering the full and block diagonal structures of error variance-covariance matrix, not due to any imperfection of them. Therefore, we emphasize that one should be aware of mascon model deficiency in the mascon approach. Furthermore, the best inter-annual, seasonal and monthly mass estimates are derived by considering the block diagonal and full structures. This is caused by the behavior of the bias and the unique parameterization error in the case of different structures. A similar finding is also presented in the real data case. Finally, our analysis denotes the necessity of releasing the block diagonal structure together with the official monthly gravity field model for the GRACE Follow-On mission, instead of releasing only the diagonal structure as done for the GRACE mission.     

空袭作战远距离支援干扰空域划设研究

针对远距离支援干扰空域划设确定空域大小和中心点位置这一问题,提出了一种基于最大航迹偏差和遗传算法的空域划设方法。参考飞机基本性能,考虑干扰飞机受空中风和飞行员操纵误差的影响,以航迹最大偏差为基准确定空域大小;选取干扰飞机作战时的3个常用代价指标进行加权,利用遗传算法搜索不同作战要求下空域中心点位置;最后根据建立的模型对实例进行仿真计算,并分析了不同权重下的空域位置选择。仿真结果验证了方法的可行性,有效综合了干扰时实际代价因素。