From solar nanoflares to stellar giant flares: Scaling laws and non-implications for coronal heating

In this study we explore physical scaling laws applied to solar nanoflares, microflares, and large flares, as well as to stellar giant flares. Solar flare phenomena exhibit a fractal volume scaling, V(L)  L^1.9, with L being the flare loop length scale, which explains the observed correlation between the total emission measure EM_p and flare peak temperature T_p in both solar and stellar flares. However, the detected stellar flares have higher emission measures EM_p than solar flares at the same flare peak temperature T_p, which can be explained by a higher electron density that is caused by shorter heating scale height ratios s_H/L ≈ 0.04–0.1. Using these scaling laws we calculate the total radiated flare energies E_X and thermal flare energies E_T and find that the total counts C are a good proxy for both parameters. Comparing the energies of solar and stellar flares we find that even the smallest observed stellar flares exceed the largest solar flares, and thus their observed frequency distributions are hypothetically affected by an upper cutoff caused by the maximum active region size limit. The powerlaw slopes fitted near the upper cutoff can then not reliably be extrapolated to the microflare regime to evaluate their contribution to coronal heating.     

星载宽测绘带合成孔径雷达成象处理

波束扫描合成孔径雷达是为了满足星载合成孔径雷达宽测绘的要求而提出的，本文主要研究ＳＣＡＮＳＡＲ成象处理。ＳＣＡＮＳＡＲ的工作原理、信号格式、信号结构和信号参数限制的深入分析是成象处理研究的基础，成象处理算法包括块数据成象算法和块图象拼接算法两部分，频谱分析法和时域频域混合相关法被用于块数据成象，块图象的拼接是利用时间关系剪裁块图象再顺次拼接，完整的计算机仿真验证了本文提出的ＳＣＡＮＳＡＲ信号格式和     

Measurements of the 12C/13C Ratio in Planetary Nebulae and Implications for Stellar Evolution

We present the results of a study aimed at determining the 12C/13C ratio in two samples of planetary nebulae (PNe) by means of mm-wave observations of 12CO and 13CO. The first group includes six PNe which have been observed in the 3He+ hyperfine transition; the other group consists of 23 nebulae with rich molecular envelopes. We have determined the isotopic ratio in 14 objects and the results indicate a range of values between 9 and 23. In particular, three PNe have ratios well below the value predicted by standard evolutionary models ( 20), indicating that some extra-mixing process has occurred in these stars. We briefly discuss the implications of our results for standard and nonstandard stellar nucleosynthesis.     

对区域环境污染管理政策工具选择的理论再思考

和传统的污染缴费管理制度相比，排污许可权交易制度是一种比较有效的环境管理政策工具。然而，在当前的区域行政管理体制下，该制度并不是解决我国区域环境污染控制管理的最优政策选择。从严格的意义上讲，最优的环境污染控制管理政策应当是以征收污染排放税为主，而实行排污权交易则只能作为辅助手段。在任何一个税收制度或者排污权交易制度下，应当建立区域环境管理中心权威机构，以解决单个地区跨界污染问题。     

飞机噪声的工程预测

 本文将飞机在飞行过程中发出声辐射的动态问题,按准稳态方法分解为航迹,观察点与声源的几何关系,声源特性、大气衰减与地面效应等单元过程。并以涡扇飞机和螺旋桨飞机等计算实例,阐明飞机噪声的组成,时间历程、频谱,指向性及地面等值线等同公共噪声和声疲劳有密切关系的问题。     

Impact Cratering Theory and Modeling for the Deep Impact Mission: From Mission Planning to Data Analysis

The cratering event produced by the Deep Impact mission is a unique experimental opportunity, beyond the capability of Earth-based laboratories with regard to the impacting energy, target material, space environment, and extremely low-gravity field. Consequently, impact cratering theory and modeling play an important role in this mission, from initial inception to final data analysis. Experimentally derived impact cratering scaling laws provide us with our best estimates for the crater diameter, depth, and formation time: critical in the mission planning stage for producing the flight plan and instrument specifications. Cratering theory has strongly influenced the impactor design, producing a probe that should produce the largest possible crater on the surface of Tempel 1 under a wide range of scenarios. Numerical hydrocode modeling allows us to estimate the volume and thermodynamic characteristics of the material vaporized in the early stages of the impact. Hydrocode modeling will also aid us in understanding the observed crater excavation process, especially in the area of impacts into porous materials. Finally, experimentally derived ejecta scaling laws and modeling provide us with a means to predict and analyze the observed behavior of the material launched from the comet during crater excavation, and may provide us with a unique means of estimating the magnitude of the comet’s gravity field and by extension the mass and density of comet Tempel 1.     

线性回归模型的贝叶斯决策方法

决策影响图分析法是决策问题一种新的图示表征求解方法，它用无有向回路的有向图来表征决策信息的关系，运用这一决策分析的新方法，对一类线性回归模型，从决策的角度进行探讨和求解，并将结果推广到更加一般的情形。     

飞机机翼表面水滴撞击特性计算

根据飞机防冰系统的研制需要，以机翼为对象，对水滴撞击特性的数值计算进行研究，建立了计算模型，研究了计算方法，用相应的计算程序，在广泛的飞行，气象及多种翼型条件下，对水滴撞击特性作了计算，计算结果与国外权威机构公布的数据相比吻合性好，给出了部分计算结果，并对水滴撞击特性计算的应用作了简要分析。     

高速可编程PCM遥测帧同步器

依据国际最新测地面站的发展方向，给出了一种新型高码率可编程ＰＣＭ遥测帧同步器的方案设计，既采用了高速可编程全数字化相关检测技术及新颖的滑动窗口技术，又采用了状态机变量设计和微程序设计，并基于ＰＬＤ技术，完成了整个高速可编程ＰＣＭ遥测帧同步器的软、硬件设计、实验表明，该方案切实可行。     

图形点阵式液晶显示器MGLS-160128在智能化仪表中的应用

本文介绍了图形点阵式液晶显示器MGLS－160128在实际测量中硬件连接和软件设计思想。具有较强的实用价值。