基于声发射非线性模型的损伤状态转变的评估

建立了声发射非线性模型来监测和评估16Mn钢试样在拉伸过程中的损伤状态的转变.首先,建立声发射突变模型,判断试样在拉伸过程中从弹性损伤状态转变为屈服损伤状态可能的时间点.然后,根据声发射参数的特点和突变量的变化,建立声发射突变复检模型,从而得到试样在拉伸过程中从弹性损伤状态转变为屈服损伤状态确切的时间点.试验结果表明:应用声发射非线性模型可以快速、预先预测出材料损伤状态的转变.     

Effects of Atomic Oxygen Irradiation on Transparent Conductive Oxide Thin Films

作为一种功能薄膜,透明导电氧化物(TCO)薄膜在飞行器的抗原子氧(AO)涂层和太阳能电池领域有着巨大的应用价值。ZnO:Al(ZAO)和In2O3:Sn(ITO)薄膜是目前研究和应用最广泛的TCO。本文对ITO薄膜和ZAO薄膜进行了不同通量的AO辐照。通过对辐照前后样品的X射线衍射、扫描电镜及霍耳效应的表征及测试,研究了AO辐照对这两种TCO薄膜的结构、性能及电学特性的影响。研究表明AO辐照对ZAO薄膜表面有明显的侵蚀作用,但对其结构和导电性能没有明显影响。对于ITO薄膜,随着AO通量的增大,其载流子浓度逐渐下降从而导致了电阻率的提高,电阻率的最大变化达到了21.7%。     

先进云纹测量技术及应用

本文着重介绍了高灵敏度云纹法的发展及其在结构和材料力学行为测量方面的应用,包括云纹干涉法、微米云纹法、纳米云纹法及其相移技术。介绍了清华大学工程力学系光测实验室近年来利用云纹干涉法在材料科学、激光焊接、微电子封装等力学行为测量方面的应用成果。讨论了微米/纳米云纹法分别在微电子封装、微机械系统(MEMS)、纳观变形场测量中的应用。     

战斗机座舱动态温度快速计算软件开发

座舱温度是开展座舱舒适性评估的设计输入,飞机结构的复杂性和飞行工况的多变性为座舱温度的精确计算带来了一定困难,为解决复杂飞机结构,不同工况下的座舱温度快速、精确计算问题,采用集总参数法,结合传统传热学理论,构建了座舱动态温度快速计算数学模型,并基于 VB编程语言,开发了战斗机座舱动态温度快速计算软件,并对设定的飞行任务剖面进行了座舱热载荷数值模拟,结果表明软件计算结果与实测结果较为吻合,同时软件具有较好的通用性和可操作性,为后续开展座舱热舒适性的快速评估提供了工具支撑。     

油门杆角度相同时发动机推力不相等的几种修正方法

多发飞机要求油门杆角度相同时,发动机产生相等的推力,但由于发动机本体和油门系统的个体差异导致相同油门角度时发动机产生的实际推力大小不一样。对于电传油门系统,发动机本体通过引人推力修正参数消除个体差异,通过油门杆角度传感器校正消除油门推力指令差异。对于随动形式的自动油门,通过总线弓人推力修正指令消除因自动油门执行机构精度不足引起的推力差异。对于机械式油门系统,飞机设计发动机同步修正系统,以一侧发动机推力为基准,自动控制装置跟随微调另一侧发动机的推力,消除机械式发动机本体和油门系统的差异产生的推力不一致。     

Radio emission from coronal streamers

Different models of coronal streamers are used to calculate the radio brightness temperature at the wavelengths of observation of the Nançays Radioheliograph. Calculation are performed assuming the location of the streamer both on the disk and at the limb. Their comparison with observations show that a satisfactory agreement with a particular model can be found in the shape and in the relative enhacement of the streamer with respect to the quiet Sun, although the absolute values of the computed brightness temperatures are much higher than the observed ones.     

Variability and origin of permanent radio emission in RS CVn and Algol type binaries

The variability of the radio emission of RS CVn and Algol type binaries has been observed over 70 hours by Lefèvre et al. (1993). In this contribution simple model calculations are applied to discuss the relevant time scales. It is concluded that a significant fraction of the permanent radio emission of these systems is due to flare-like processes of energy release over a wide range of energies.     

Observations of the atmospheres and winds of O-stars,LBVs and Wolf-Rayet stars

This review summarises recent studies of O-stars, Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, emphasising observations and analyses of their atmospheres and stellar winds yielding determinations of their physical and chemical properties. Studies of these stellar groups provide important tests of both stellar wind theory and stellar evolution models incorporating mass-loss effects. Quantitative analyses of O-star spectra reveal enhanced helium abundances in Of and many luminous O-supergiants, together with CNO anomalies in OBN and Ofpe/WN9 stars, indicative of evolved objects. Enhanced helium, and CNO-cycle products are observed in several LBVs, implying a highly evolved status, whilst for the WR stars there is strong evidence for the exposition of CNO-cycle products in WN stars, and helium-burning products in WC and WO stars. The observed wind properties and mass-loss rates derived for O-stars show, in general terms, good agreement with predictions from the latest radiation-driven wind models, although some discrepancies are apparent. Several LBVs show similar mass-loss rates at maximum and minimum states, contrary to previous expectations, with the mechanism responsible for the variability and outbursts remaining unclear. WR stars exhibit the most extreme levels of mass-loss and stellar wind momenta. Whilst alternative mass-loss mechanisms have been proposed, recent calculations indicate that radiation pressure alone may be sufficient, given the strong ionization stratification present in their winds.     

Line blanketing by iron group elements in non-LTE model atmospheres of hot stars

We report on our recent progress in modeling non-LTE atmospheres of O-stars including blanketing by lines from the iron group elements. The numerical method to account for the huge number of atomic levels and line transitions is presented. Results of exploratory model calculations examining the effects on the temperature structure, the hydrogen and helium line profiles and UV/EUV fluxes are discussed.     

湿陷性黄土地基中预制桩承台板设计

本文通过西北某厂房的桩基承台设计，阐述了温陷性黄土地基中预制桩承台板设计的有关问题及经济造价比较。