激发跃迁速率对热力学非平衡氮气紫外辐射的影响

基于氮气的碰撞-辐射（CR）模型,计算了速度为6.2 km/s、初始压力为133 Pa的高超声速流动激波中N₂和N₂+分子电子能级的分布情况,分析了不同激发跃迁速率模型对电子能级分布及辐射光谱模拟的影响。针对流动中热力学非平衡区域和平衡区域,在300~440 nm的辐射光谱开展了逐线法的数值模拟,并与激波管实验测量光谱进行了对比。结果表明,目前的激发跃迁速率均存在偏差,综合Park模型的爱因斯坦系数和Johnston模型的碰撞激发速率可以得到与实验结果最为接近的辐射光谱。      

Numerical study on similarity of plume infrared radiation between reduced-scale solid rocket motors

This study seeks to determine the similarities in plume radiation between reduced and full-scale solid rocket models in ground test conditions through investigation of flow and radiation for a series of scale ratios ranging from 0.1 to 1. The radiative transfer equation(RTE) considering gas and particle radiation in a non-uniform plume has been adopted and solved by the finite volume method(FVM) to compute the three dimensional, spectral and directional radiation of a plume in the infrared waveband 2–6 μm. Conditions at wavelengths 2.7 μm and 4.3 μm are discussed in detail, and ratios of plume radiation for reduced-scale through full-scale models are examined. This work shows that, with increasing scale ratio of a computed rocket motor, area of the hightemperature core increases as a 2 power function of the scale ratio, and the radiation intensity of the plume increases with 2–2.5 power of the scale ratio. The infrared radiation of plume gases shows a strong spectral dependency, while that of Al_2O_3 particles shows spectral continuity of gray media.Spectral radiation intensity of a computed solid rocket plume's high temperature core increases significantly in peak radiation spectra of plume gases CO and CO_2. Al_2O_3 particles are the major radiation component in a rocket plume. There is good similarity between contours of plume spectral radiance from different scale models of computed rockets, and there are two peak spectra of radiation intensity at wavebands 2.7–3.0 μm and 4.2–4.6 μm. Directed radiation intensity of the entire plume volume will rise with increasing elevation angle.     

IR radiation characteristics of rocket exhaust plumes under varying motor operating conditions

The infrared(IR) irradiance signature from rocket motor exhaust plumes is closely related to motor type,propellant composition,burn time,rocket geometry,chamber parameters and flight conditions.In this paper,an infrared signature analysis tool(IRSAT) was developed to understand the spectral characteristics of exhaust plumes in detail.Through a finite volume technique,flow field properties were obtained through the solution of axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds-averaged approach.A refined 13-species,30-reaction chemistry scheme was used for combustion effects and a k-e-Rtturbulence model for entrainment effects.Using flowfield properties as input data,the spectrum was integrated with a line of sight(LOS) method based on a single line group(SLG) model with Curtis-Godson approximation.The model correctly predicted spectral distribution in the wavelengths of 1.50–5.50 lm and had good agreement for its location with imaging spectrometer data.The IRSAT was then applied to discuss the effects of three operating conditions on IR signatures:(a) afterburning;(b) chamber pressure from ignition to cutoff;and(c) minor changes in the ratio of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) binder to ammonium perchlorate(AP) oxidizer in propellant.Results show that afterburning effects can increase the size and shape of radiance images with enhancement of radiation intensity up to 40%.Also,the total IR irradiance in different bands can be characterized by a non-dimensional chamber pressure trace in which the maximum discrepancy is less than 13% during ignition and engine cutoff.An increase of chamber pressure can lead to more distinct diamonds,whose distance intervals are extended,and the position of the first diamond moving backwards.In addition,an increase in HTPB/AP causes a significant jump in spectral intensity.The incremental rates of radiance intensity integrated in each band are linear with the increase of HTPB,and the growth rates of radiance intensities in some bands reach up to 50% as HTPB weight increases by 3%.     

Deterministic pion and muon transport in Earth’s atmosphere

An accurate understanding of the physical interactions and transport of space radiation is important for safe and efficient space operations. Secondary particles produced by primary particle interactions with intervening materials are an important contribution to radiation risk. Pions are copiously produced in the nuclear interactions typical of space radiations and can therefore be an important contribution to radiation exposure. Charged pions decay almost exclusively to muons. As a consequence, muons must also be considered in space radiation exposure studies. In this work, the NASA space radiation transport code HZETRN has been extended to include the transport of charged pions and muons. The relevant transport equation, solution method, and implemented cross sections are reviewed. Muon production in the Earth’s upper atmosphere is then investigated, and comparisons with recent balloon flight measurements of differential muon flux are presented. Muon production from the updated version of HZETRN is found to match the experimental data well.     

晴空环境下的地基面天线多场耦合分析及试验

大口径高频段的地基面天线在晴空环境下的热变形对电性能影响明显。针对这一问题,首先     

宽温度范围大口径高精度变温标准黑体辐射源研制

红外成像探测系统的应用环境越来越复杂,工作适应温度范围低温可达到-50 ℃以下,高温可达到70 ℃以上。为满足相应要求,研制宽温度范围大口径高精度变温标准黑体辐射源,采用细分均匀加热、模糊PID自整定控制算法、双路配气保护等技术,满足高低温需求,同时开展腔型设计、超黑高发射率涂层等相应研究,保证了黑体辐射源的整体性能,确保完成相应功能。研制完成后,在高低温环境下进行了验证试验,可达到以下指标：有效发射率≥0.999,空腔开口直径≥60 mm,温度测量不确定度10 mK（k=2）。经验证,可满足宽温度范围条件红外探测系统的计量要求。     

环境电离辐射体源标准空气比释动能率的确定

介绍了用实测法和MC理论计算法确定"放射性模型体源"表面中心点上方不同高度的比释动能率的方法和研究成果.研究结果表明,实测和理论计算结果的一致性较好,不存在明显的系统差.由此首次拟合出了能客观反映我国环境电离辐射体源标准的单位核素含量空气比释动能率的贝可法换算系数,提高了采用贝可法确定模型体源空气比释动能率的准确度.     

Microwave Diagnostics of Dynamic Processes and Oscillations in Groups of Solar Coronal Magnetic Loops

Low-frequency (LF) modulations of the solar microwave radiation (37 GHz) recorded at the Metsähovi Radio Observatory, are analyzed. Since the intensity of solar microwave radiation, produced by the electron gyrosynchrotron mechanism, is dependent on a value of the background magnetic field [Dulk, G. A.: 1985, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 23, 169–224], slow variations of the magnetic field associated with disturbances of the electric current in a radiating source, can modulate the intensity of the microwave radiation. The observed multi-track features of the LF spectra are interpreted as a signature of a complex multi-loop structure of the radiating source. Application of the equivalent electric circuit models of interacting loops allows to explain and reproduce the main dynamical features of the observed LF modulation dynamic spectra.     

Rocket observation of the near-infrared extragalactic background radiation

Near-infrared diffuse radiation at 1 μm – 5 μm was observed using cold optics on board a sounding rocket. The observed surface brightness is too bright to be explained by known diffuse sources and its significant part is possibly attributed to the cosmic origin. Extragalactic background radiation thus obtained is brighter than theoretically estimated so that new energy sources at an early epoch of the universe are required.     

计算机泄密机理及其防护措施介绍

主要介绍计算机有用信息电磁辐射机理及为接收这些信息采用的接收机应具备的条件。计算机泄漏的有用信息是宽带信号：要接收这些信号，接收机必须要有足够的灵敏度和较宽的接收带宽，具有多种检波方式和适时分析的能力，并能进行自动化测量。最后，介绍防止计算机电磁辐射的防护措施。