固体火箭发动机尾焰红外辐射特性预估研究

运用离散颗粒模型对固体火箭发动机及尾焰两相流进行了一体化仿真,得出了各燃气组分和Al2O3颗粒的流场参数分布.通过建立固体火箭尾焰红外辐射模型,计算出了二维轴对称尾焰的光谱辐射亮度.研究表明,颗粒辐射起着主导性作用,颗粒尺寸越小,在4.3 μm波长处气相辐射作用越明显;燃烧室内燃面颗粒速度越大,尾焰辐射越弱;颗粒尺寸越大,颗粒辐射越强,但随燃面颗粒速度增大,辐射降低越快.所得结论与相关文献数据一致,表明计算模型和方法可行.     

涡轮叶片热障涂层三维成像研究进展

热障涂层是涡轮叶片高温防护关键技术,具有典型的层状结构特征,且热障涂层服役过程中高温氧化产生热生长氧化物结构,迫切需要利用三维成像方法无损探知热障涂层内部结构.由于计算机断层成像技术能提供三维立体图像,准确再现物体内部三维结构,是热障涂层层状结构最佳分析手段之一,在热障涂层喷涂质量评价和高温氧化监测方面具有很好的前景....     

晴空环境下的地基面天线多场耦合分析及试验

大口径高频段的地基面天线在晴空环境下的热变形对电性能影响明显。针对这一问题,首先     

IR radiation characteristics of rocket exhaust plumes under varying motor operating conditions

The infrared(IR) irradiance signature from rocket motor exhaust plumes is closely related to motor type,propellant composition,burn time,rocket geometry,chamber parameters and flight conditions.In this paper,an infrared signature analysis tool(IRSAT) was developed to understand the spectral characteristics of exhaust plumes in detail.Through a finite volume technique,flow field properties were obtained through the solution of axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds-averaged approach.A refined 13-species,30-reaction chemistry scheme was used for combustion effects and a k-e-Rtturbulence model for entrainment effects.Using flowfield properties as input data,the spectrum was integrated with a line of sight(LOS) method based on a single line group(SLG) model with Curtis-Godson approximation.The model correctly predicted spectral distribution in the wavelengths of 1.50–5.50 lm and had good agreement for its location with imaging spectrometer data.The IRSAT was then applied to discuss the effects of three operating conditions on IR signatures:(a) afterburning;(b) chamber pressure from ignition to cutoff;and(c) minor changes in the ratio of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) binder to ammonium perchlorate(AP) oxidizer in propellant.Results show that afterburning effects can increase the size and shape of radiance images with enhancement of radiation intensity up to 40%.Also,the total IR irradiance in different bands can be characterized by a non-dimensional chamber pressure trace in which the maximum discrepancy is less than 13% during ignition and engine cutoff.An increase of chamber pressure can lead to more distinct diamonds,whose distance intervals are extended,and the position of the first diamond moving backwards.In addition,an increase in HTPB/AP causes a significant jump in spectral intensity.The incremental rates of radiance intensity integrated in each band are linear with the increase of HTPB,and the growth rates of radiance intensities in some bands reach up to 50% as HTPB weight increases by 3%.     

宽温度范围大口径高精度变温标准黑体辐射源研制

红外成像探测系统的应用环境越来越复杂,工作适应温度范围低温可达到-50 ℃以下,高温可达到70 ℃以上。为满足相应要求,研制宽温度范围大口径高精度变温标准黑体辐射源,采用细分均匀加热、模糊PID自整定控制算法、双路配气保护等技术,满足高低温需求,同时开展腔型设计、超黑高发射率涂层等相应研究,保证了黑体辐射源的整体性能,确保完成相应功能。研制完成后,在高低温环境下进行了验证试验,可达到以下指标：有效发射率≥0.999,空腔开口直径≥60 mm,温度测量不确定度10 mK（k=2）。经验证,可满足宽温度范围条件红外探测系统的计量要求。     

Numerical study on similarity of plume infrared radiation between reduced-scale solid rocket motors

This study seeks to determine the similarities in plume radiation between reduced and full-scale solid rocket models in ground test conditions through investigation of flow and radiation for a series of scale ratios ranging from 0.1 to 1. The radiative transfer equation(RTE) considering gas and particle radiation in a non-uniform plume has been adopted and solved by the finite volume method(FVM) to compute the three dimensional, spectral and directional radiation of a plume in the infrared waveband 2–6 μm. Conditions at wavelengths 2.7 μm and 4.3 μm are discussed in detail, and ratios of plume radiation for reduced-scale through full-scale models are examined. This work shows that, with increasing scale ratio of a computed rocket motor, area of the hightemperature core increases as a 2 power function of the scale ratio, and the radiation intensity of the plume increases with 2–2.5 power of the scale ratio. The infrared radiation of plume gases shows a strong spectral dependency, while that of Al_2O_3 particles shows spectral continuity of gray media.Spectral radiation intensity of a computed solid rocket plume's high temperature core increases significantly in peak radiation spectra of plume gases CO and CO_2. Al_2O_3 particles are the major radiation component in a rocket plume. There is good similarity between contours of plume spectral radiance from different scale models of computed rockets, and there are two peak spectra of radiation intensity at wavebands 2.7–3.0 μm and 4.2–4.6 μm. Directed radiation intensity of the entire plume volume will rise with increasing elevation angle.     

Deterministic pion and muon transport in Earth’s atmosphere

An accurate understanding of the physical interactions and transport of space radiation is important for safe and efficient space operations. Secondary particles produced by primary particle interactions with intervening materials are an important contribution to radiation risk. Pions are copiously produced in the nuclear interactions typical of space radiations and can therefore be an important contribution to radiation exposure. Charged pions decay almost exclusively to muons. As a consequence, muons must also be considered in space radiation exposure studies. In this work, the NASA space radiation transport code HZETRN has been extended to include the transport of charged pions and muons. The relevant transport equation, solution method, and implemented cross sections are reviewed. Muon production in the Earth’s upper atmosphere is then investigated, and comparisons with recent balloon flight measurements of differential muon flux are presented. Muon production from the updated version of HZETRN is found to match the experimental data well.     

准一维传热下冷面绝热边界材料对隔热试验结果的影响

为评估冷面绝热边界对试验结果的影响,在充分验证测控系统可控性和试验方法稳定性的基础上,分别以柔性隔热毡、刚性隔热瓦和纳米隔热材料为冷面绝热边界,对陶瓷纤维刚性隔热材料进行500℃、3 000s的石英灯热辐射考核试验,并利用迭代绝热边界当量热导率的方法对试验结果进行了模拟计算和分析。结果表明,以柔性隔热毡为冷面绝热边界时隔热材料的冷面温度最高,刚性隔热瓦和纳米隔热材料为冷面绝热边界时则冷面温度较低且相近,3者间最大相对偏差高达19.0%。模拟计算证实由冷面绝热边界材料引起的接触热阻对试验结果起到了决定性作用,而不简单地取决于绝热边界材料的隔热性能。     

便携式γ射线照射装置散射辐射特性研究

便携式γ射线照射装置对于提高固定式X、γ辐射剂量仪检定率、解决现场校准难题具有重要意义,利用蒙特卡罗模拟与实验测量协同开展便携式γ射线照射装置散射辐射特性研究。结果表明：蒙特卡罗方法可以模拟得到装置自身的散射辐射,实验测量只能获得照射装置以外辐射场中的散射辐射。利用MCNP程序F4卡和CF卡得到距放射源1 m处照射装置自身的散射贡献分别为13.07 %和4.55 %;反平方律实验和移出实验得到辐射场散射辐射贡献分别为0.2 %和3.94 %,满足ISO 4037-1:2019和GB/T 12162.1-2000的要求。该装置可用于固定式X、γ辐射剂量仪的现场校准。     

电磁兼容性试验中若干问题的解决方法

结合电磁兼容性试验的实践经验,从电磁干扰源、耦合途径、敏感设备这3个发生电磁兼容性问题的主要因素入手,对电磁兼容性试验中易于超标的项目,提出了若干解决问题的思路和方法。利用这些在工程实践中总结出来的有效方法,可以在电磁兼容性试验中少走弯路,达到降低产品的研制成本并加快产品的研制进度的目的。