Impact effects from small size meteoroids and space debris

When the impact risk from meteoroids and orbital debris is assessed the main concern is usually structural damage. With their high impact velocities of typically 10–20 km/s millimeter or centimeter sized objects can puncture pressure vessels and other walls or lead to destruction of complete subsystems or even whole spacecraft. Fortunately chances of collisions with such larger objects are small (at least at present). However, particles in the size range 1–100 μm are far more abundant than larger objects and every orbiting spacecraft will encounter them with certainty. Every solar cell (8 cm² area) of the Hubble Space Telescope encountered on average 12 impacts during its 8.25 years of space exposure. Most were from micron sized particles.     

Comparative study between crack closure model and Willenborg model for fatigue prediction under overload effects

A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing (VCA) model is briefly reviewed, which is based on the equivalent plastic zone concept. In this method, the retardation phenomenon is explained by the crack closure level variation, which is derived from the interactions between forward and reverse plastic zones ahead of the crack tip. As a comparison, the Forman equation in conjunction with the Willenborg model is also reviewed. The retardation phenomenon is described by directly modifying the stress intensity factor. It is known that the large plastic zone created by the overload can decelerate the fatigue crack growth rate until the crack grows beyond this region. A relationship between the plastic zone and the modified stress intensity factor is developed, which is a mathematical fitting equation instead of physical-based formulation. The experimental data in aluminum alloys are used to val-idate these two models. Overall, good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the testing data. It is noted that the approach based on modified VCA model can give more accurate prediction curves than the Willenborg model.     

A review of chatter vibration research in milling

Chatter is a self-excited vibration of parts in machining systems. It is widely present across a range of cutting processes, and has an impact upon both efficiency and quality in production processing. A great deal of research has been dedicated to the development of technologies that are able to predict and detect chatter. The purpose of these technologies is to facilitate the avoidance of chatter during cutting processes, which leads to better surface precision, higher productivity, and longer tool life. This paper summarizes the current state of the art in research regarding the problems of how to arrive at stable chatter prediction, chatter identification, and chatter control/suppression, with a focus on milling processes. Particular focus is placed on the theoretical relationship between cutting chatter and process damping, tool runout, and gyroscopic effect, as well as the importance of this for chatter prediction. The paper concludes with some reflections regarding possible directions for future research in this field.     

ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物的合成、表征、热分解行为及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

合成了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(ANPyO) Bi(III)含能配合物,采用FTIR、元素分析和XPS光电子能谱表征了含能配合物的结构.根据结构表征结果推测,ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物的分子式为Bi(C5H4N5O5)3,金属离子与配体的配比为1∶3.其中,可能的配位方式为:每个配体ANPyO 2-位的氨基脱去一个氢原子,分别以NH和N→O结构单元中N原子和O原子与Bi(III)形成配位键.ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物的撞击感度、摩擦感度和冲击波感分别为220 cm、36 kg和5.8 mm.采用TG-DTG和DSC测试考察了ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物的热分解行为,配合物在50～450 ℃范围内热分解过程由一个吸热熔融峰和分解放热峰组成,相应的峰温分别为320.6 ℃和346.5 ℃,配合物热分解剩余残渣量为31.2％.同时,考察了配合物对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用,并采用Kissinger法对纯AP和AP混合物热分解过程低温分解阶段和高温分解阶段的表观活化能和指前因子进行了计算.结果表明,ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物可使高氯酸铵高温分解阶段和低温分解阶段的峰温提前63.6 ℃和63.1 ℃,表观活化能降低23.1 kJ/mol和61.5 kJ/mol,表观分解热增加339.3 J/g.可发现,ANPyO Bi(III)含能配合物对AP的热分解具有显著的催化作用.     

硼含量及横向取样对定向凝固Ni_3Al合金持久性能的影响

硼的添加增强了晶界的结合力 ,使合金相界面的位错组态改变 ,提高了持久断裂寿命 ;硼的添加细化晶粒 ,增加界面数 ,使持久寿命下降。Ni3Al定向凝固横向试样持久性能不稳定与取样位置有关     

CONSTITUTIVE MODEL AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASSCLOTH/EPOXY LAMINATES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

ＣＯＮＳＴＩＴＵＴＩＶＥＭＯＤＥＬＡＮＤＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＡＬＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＧＬＡＳＳ┐ＣＬＯＴＨ／ＥＰＯＸＹＬＡＭＩＮＡＴＥＳＡＴＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＳＨＡＮＸｉａｏｐｉｎｇ（韩小平）１,ＨＡＮＳｈｅｎｌｉ...     

气-固相互作用模型对高空羽流撞击效应的影响研究

本文通过对DSMC方法关键技术进行研究,实现了存在干扰物条件下高空羽流三维流场的DSMC仿真,并对工程估算方法的计算精度和适用范围进行评价.通过选择不同的气体分子与壁面相互作用模型研究了壁面边界条件对羽流撞击效应的影响.     

基于FMECA的测试性验证分析

随着装备元件的集成度越来越高,对装备测试性的要求越来越高。良好的测试性设计可以有效地提高产品维修性,降低全寿命周期费用。在对通用处理单元进行故障模式、影响和致命度分析(FMECA)的基础上,建立了产品的测试性模型,进行了测试性验证试验,并对验证结果进行分析。     

利用三角形突片改善冲击换热特性的计算与实验

运用数值计算方法对射流孔上加三角形突片和不加突片的射流冲击冷却在不同的冲击间距、不同的射流雷诺数下的流动和传热过程进行了三维数值模拟,并采用红外热像仪测试技术对加装突片后的射流冲击冷却进行了热像显示试验,揭示了突片对改善冲击换热特性的影响.研究结果表明,本文的计算结果与实验特征是基本吻合的.     

风洞试验中测压管路信号畸变及修正研究

采用分布摩擦模型和试验方法分析了简单测压管路系统的信号畸变,分析了数学方法和机械方法修正测试信号的优缺点;讨论了不同参数对管路系统传递函数的影响,同时说明了试验中常见管路连接、弯折、挤压对管路系统的影响,提出了合理利用管路共振效应提高测试数据信噪比的思想,并基于此提出了管路系统的选择及定量的评价准则。结果表明：采用分布摩擦模型理论修正测压管路系统脉动畸变信号是可行的;管路等内径连接、轻度弯折、轻度挤压不会对管路的传递函数造成影响;通过笔者提出的定量评价标准可以高效的选取合理的管路长度。