Formation mechanism of great positive TEC disturbances prior to Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008

The problems of physical explanation and possible mechanisms of the seismo-ionospheric effects formation are under discussion now. There are proposed different mechanisms of such effects, for example, large- and small-scale internal gravity waves (IGWs), atmospheric electric field, electromagnetic fields and emissions. However, the appearance of local large-scale seismo-ionospheric anomalies in Total Electron Content (TEC) is possible to explain only by two mechanisms: an atmospheric electric field and/or small-scale IGWs. In this paper, the simulation results for reproduction of the observed seismo-ionospheric great positive effects in TEC prior to strong Wenchuan earthquake are presented. The obtained results confirm the proposed mechanism of seismo-ionospheric effects formation by the penetration of the seismogenic electric field from the atmosphere into the ionosphere. It is suggested that so great TEC enhancement observed 3 days prior to Wenchuan earthquake could be explained by combined action of seismogenic vertical electric field and IGWs generated by the solar terminator.     

Experimental and Numerical Studies of Vitiated Air Effects on Hydrogen-fueled Supersonic Combustor Performance

This paper deals with the vitiation effects of test air on the scramjet performance in the ground combustion heated facilities. The primary goal is to evaluate the effects of H2O and CO2, the two major vitiated species generated by combustion heater, on hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustor performance with experimental and numerical approaches. The comparative experiments in the clean air and vitiated air are conducted by using the resistance heated direct-connected facility, with the typical Mach 4 flight conditions simulated. The H2O and CO2 species with accurately controlled contents are added to the high enthalpy clean air from resistance heater, to synthesize the vitiated air of a combustion-type heater. Typically, the contents of H2O species can be varied within the range of 3.5%-30% by mole, and 3.0%-10% for CO2 species. The total temperature, total pressure, Mach number and O2 mole fraction at the combustor entrance are well-matched between the clean air and vitiated air. The combustion experiments are completed at the fuel equivalence ratios of 0.53 and 0.42 respectively. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) reacting flow simulations of combustor flowpath are performed to provide insight into flow field structures and combustion chemistry details that cannot resolved by experimental instruments available. Finally, the experimental data, combined with computational results, are employed to analyze the effects of H2O and CO2 vitiated air on supersonic combustion characteristics and performance. It is concluded that H2O and CO2 contaminants can significantly inhibit the combustion induced pressure rise measured from combustor wall, and the pressure profile decreases with the increasing H2O and CO2 contents in nonlinear trend; simulation results agree well with experimental data and the overall vitiation effects are captured; direct extrapolation of the results from vitiated air to predict the performance of actual flight conditions could result in over-fueling the combustor, possible inlet un-start and inappropriate combustion mode transition. The detailed analysis and discussion are presented and the research conclusions are summarized.     

激波控制矢量喷管流动与工作特性研究

利用数值模拟方法,研究了激波控制矢量喷管的流场结构与工作特性,分析了射流流量、外流马赫数及落压比对喷管流动和性能的影响。结果表明:随着射流流量的增大,射流对主流产生的阻碍作用增大,使得注气缝上游的高压分离区增大,上、下壁面压差增大,矢量角增大;但射流流量过大时,激波会影响下壁面的压力分布,使喷管推力矢量性能降低。外流马赫数增加使喷管出口附近及上壁面注气缝下游壁面的压力降低,因此上、下壁面的压差减小,喷管的推力矢量性能降低。随着落压比的增大,注气缝上游的分离激波位置后移,注气缝下游分离区内的相对压力降低,使上、下壁面的压差减小;另外,喷管工作状态从过膨胀状态向欠膨胀状态转变时,压差产生的推力增大,喷管的推力矢量性能降低。     

跨声速雷诺数效应的初步分析

本文概述了雷诺数Re效应的宏观表现,并从物理角度和边界层方程出发分析了Re数效应。研究表明,Re数效应根本上是通过干预边界层发展来实现的,集中体现在Re数对分离乃至更一般的激波与边界层相互作用区位置和范围的影响,这是Re数效应的一个本质方面。Re数对气动力参数,如俯仰力矩中心位置等的影响是通过这一途径实现的。此外,Re数效应的表现不是孤立的,在一定程度上受其他流动条件,如飞行马赫数(M)、物体形状等制约,据此本文提出了有关Re数效应控制的设想。     

空天飞机的真实气体效应

本文首先以美国阿波罗飞船和航天飞机气动特性的飞行试验结果与风洞试验结果存在差别为例，说明研究真实气体效应对发展高超声速飞行器的重要性。在分析平衡流和非平衡流中激波特性的基础上，根据典型的空天飞机上升段轨道，分析了空天飞机激波后的平衡组元分布和松弛距离。进而，讨论了真实气体效应对空天飞机气动特性的影响，其中介绍了近代研究真实气体效应的计算流体力学方法和试验技术，重点介绍了Ｐａｒｋ提出的确定化学反应速率系数的双温度模型。最后，对今后空天飞机真实气体效应的研究工作提出了建议。     

Effects of Shot Peening Process on Thermal Cycling Lifetime of TBCs Prepared by EB-PVD

Conventional two-layered thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) with ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3 (8YSZ) as top coat and CoCrAlY as bond coat on disk-shaped Ni based super-alloy. In this paper, three kinds of shot peening process with different lengths of operating time were adopted for bond coating. As a result, changes took place in its sur- face roughness and the surface micro-hardness. A thermal cycling test at 1 273 K×55 min and another at room temperature for 5 min were performed to study the effects of shot peening process on the thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. It is found that a moderate shot peening process will be able to prolong the life time. The oxidation dynamic of the as-processed TBCs basically accords with the para- bolic rule, and the oxidation test also attests to the spallation between YSZ and thermal growth oxide (TGO) responsible mainly for the failure of TBCs.     

Magnetic and Optical Properties of the TiO2-Co-TiO2 Composite Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering

The TiO2-Co-TiO2 sandwich films were successfully grown on glass and silicon substrata making alternate use of radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering and direct current magnetron sputtering. The structures and properties of these films were identified with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS). It is shown that the sandwich film consists of two anatase TiO2 films with an embedded Co nano-film. The fact that, when the Co nano-film thickens, varied red shifts appear in optical absorption spectra may well be explained by the quantum confinement and tunnel effects. As for magnetic properties, the saturation magnetization, remnant magnetic induction and coercivity vary with the thickness of the Co nano-films. Moreover, the Co nano-film has a critical thickness of about 8.6 nm, which makes the coercivity of the composite film reach the maximum of about 1413 Oe.     

高超声速热化学非平衡空间格式的扩展与改进

扩展、改进和分析了ROE,MAPS,LDFSS,HLLC,HCUSP和ECUSP6种高分辨率空间格式于热化学非平衡流的计算中.采用5组分17反应的Dunn-Kang化学反应模型和Park的双温模型计算了三维球头算例,得到如下结论:ROE和MAPS格式精度高于LDFSS,HLLC和CUSP类格式;基于ROE平均的界面音速可提高格式的鲁棒性及斜激波捕捉能力,同时对流场参量的计算无影响;ROE平均音速的引用改进了MAPS和ECUSP格式.为热化学非平衡流场计算格式的选择提供了参考.     

卫星用光纤陀螺三轴组合的关键技术

研究了空间环境对光纤陀螺各项指标的影响,设计了一种新颖的卫星用光纤陀螺三轴组合.针对空间辐射、温度循环和真空环境对光纤陀螺的影响进行了模拟实验,通过分析实验数据得到了空间环境对光纤陀螺主要参数的影响机理.利用最小二乘滤波的方法建立了偏置误差模型,利用查表法建立了标度因数误差模型,并用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实时进行零偏和标度因数补偿,补偿后陀螺输出零偏稳定性为0.1(°)/h.同时详细分析了陀螺在空间低角速度环境下产生死区的原因,并利用周期相位扰动调制的方法消除了死区.在卫星用光纤陀螺三轴组合的设计中,实现了光源复用和冗余、空间主动和被动防护措施、在轨故障诊断等技术.      

一种磁悬浮飞轮增益预调交叉反馈控制方法

磁悬浮飞轮转子在高转速下表现出的陀螺效应是影响系统稳定性的主要因素.为了提高磁悬浮飞轮的失稳转速,针对陀螺效应引起的系统章动失稳和进动失稳,提出了一种基于转速的增益预调交叉反馈控制方法,针对不同的转速段,建立在线控制相对应的交叉反馈通道增益和带宽参数表,对进动模态和章动模态分别实现交叉相位补偿.采用该控制方法用经典控制理论中的根轨迹法对系统的章动稳定性进行了仿真并对控制参数进行了优化.仿真和实验结果表明,采用这种基于转速的增益预调交叉反馈的控制算法,能够有效地抑制磁悬浮飞轮转子陀螺效应所导致的章动失稳,所设计的磁悬浮飞轮原理样机能够稳定运行在其额定转速30000r/min.