氧化硅体系非牛顿流黏性烧蚀行为分析

黏性系数对氧化硅体系材料的烧蚀速度有很大的影响,本文对非牛顿流黏性影响的范围及其量值作了数值模拟和分析。结果表明：（1）牛顿流黏度（s=1）处于烧蚀速度的低值区域,增加黏度对降低烧蚀速度的潜力不大;（2）非牛顿流黏度（s〉1）,可以增加阻力,但对降低烧蚀速度极为有限,在本文研究的热环境条件,其下降额度约为20%-30%,此时烧蚀速度接近全蒸发的烧蚀速度;（3）非牛顿流黏度（s〈1）,可以降低阻力,烧蚀速度明显增加。     

Testing Modified Newtonian Dynamics with LISA Pathfinder

We suggest that LISA Pathfinder, a technology demonstrator for the future gravitational wave observatory LISA, could be used to carry out a direct experimental test of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). The LISA Pathfinder spacecraft is currently being built and the launch date is just a few years away. No modifications of the spacecraft are required, nor any interference with its nominal mission. The basic concept is to fly LISA Pathfinder through the region around the Sun-Earth saddle point, in an extended mission phase, once the original mission goals are achieved. We examine various strategies to reach the saddle point, and find that the preferred strategy, yielding relatively short transfer times of just over 1 year, probably involves a lunar fly-by. LISA Pathfinder will be able to probe the intermediate MOND regime, i.e. the transition between deep MOND and Newtonian gravity. We present robust estimates of the anomalous gravity gradients that LISA Pathfinder should be exposed to, based on MONDian effects as derived from the Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) theory. The spacecraft speed and spatial scale of the MOND signal combine in a way that the spectral signature of the signal falls precisely into LISA Pathfinder’s measurement bandwidth. We find that if the gravity gradiometer on-board the spacecraft achieves its currently predicted sensitivity, these anomalous gradients could not just be detected, but measured in some detail.     

Self-similar flow of a rotating dusty gas behind the shock wave with increasing energy, conduction and radiation heat flux

A self-similar solution is obtained for one dimensional adiabatic flow behind a cylindrical shock wave propagating in a rotating dusty gas in presence of heat conduction and radiation heat flux with increasing energy. The dusty gas is assumed to be a mixture of non-ideal (or perfect) gas and small solid particles, in which solid particles are continuously distributed. It is assumed that the equilibrium flow-condition is maintained and variable energy input is continuously supplied by the piston (or inner expanding surface). The heat conduction is expressed in terms of Fourier’s law and the radiation is considered to be of the diffusion type for an optically thick grey gas model. The thermal conductivity K and the absorption coefficient α_R are assumed to vary with temperature only. In order to obtain the similarity solutions the initial density of the ambient medium is assumed to be constant and the angular velocity of the ambient medium is assumed to be decreasing as the distance from the axis increases. The effects of the variation of the heat transfer parameters and non-idealness of the gas in the mixture are investigated. The effects of an increase in (i) the mass concentration of solid particles in the mixture and (ii) the ratio of the density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas on the flow variables are also investigated.     

Predicting Earth orientation changes from global forecasts of atmosphere-hydrosphere dynamics

Effective Angular Momentum (EAM) functions obtained from global numerical simulations of atmosphere, ocean, and land surface dynamics are routinely processed by the Earth System Modelling group at Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum. EAM functions are available since January 1976 with up to 3?h temporal resolution. Additionally, 6?days-long EAM forecasts are routinely published every day. Based on hindcast experiments with 305 individual predictions distributed over 15?months, we demonstrate that EAM forecasts improve the prediction accuracy of the Earth Orientation Parameters at all forecast horizons between 1 and 6?days. At day 6, prediction accuracy improves down to 1.76 mas for the terrestrial pole offset, and 2.6 mas for $\mathrm{\Delta }$UT1, which correspond to an accuracy increase of about 41% over predictions published in Bulletin A by the International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service.     

加入纳米颗粒的相变悬浮液黏性和热导率特性

提出了在相变悬浮液中添加TiO2纳米颗粒以提高其热导率的概念,并使用旋转流变仪和热物性仪测量了这种新型悬浮液流变特性和热导率。研究结果表明,对于体积浓度为10%的相变悬浮液,当加入的纳米颗粒质量浓度不超过5%(体积浓度1.18%)时,低剪切率下悬浮液表现出非牛顿流体的特性,高剪切率下仍可视为牛顿流体。相变悬浮液的黏性随纳米颗粒浓度增加而增加,当纳米颗粒质量浓度为5%时,相变悬浮液的黏性提高约23%。相变悬浮液的热导率随着纳米颗粒浓度的增加而增加,当纳米颗粒质量浓度为5%时,相变悬浮液热导率提高约7.3%。     

微小尺度通道内超临界甲烷传热特性研究

研究微小尺度通道内超临界甲烷的传热特性对于碳氢燃料预冷器精细化设计具有重要意义.本文利用实验方法探究了热流密度、质量流量以及系统压力等边界条件对微细圆管内超临界甲烷传热特性的影响规律,并结合数值方法分析了跨临界传热强化的主要原因.结果表明:在实验工况范围内,当超临界甲烷温度接近拟临界温度时均产生了不同程度的传热强化现象...     

应用混合工质制冷技术的环模设备

在-80℃的热真空环境模拟试验采用混合工质制冷的环模设备能克服液氮制冷的不足。文章提出了环模设备混合工质制冷系统的方案,介绍了混合工质制冷技术的流程、性能,提供了采用混合工质制冷的部组件的环模设备的调试结果。结果表明该设备各系统运行稳定、可靠,满足热真空试验要求。     

A NEW FRONT TRACKING METHOD FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS

INTRODUCTIONIn CFD there are two kinds ofboundary con-ditions,free surface or substance interface[1,2 ] .In order to accurately simulate these boundaries,we must deal with the following problems,thediscontinuity and the time evolution of theboundaries.In Eulerian grid system,boundaries movewith fluid. When calculating the convectionterm,the flow field will be time averaged for ev-ery a few time steps.Therefore the discontinuityof boundaries is lost with averaging process.VOF( volume of…     

均匀磁场中铁磁流体润滑的平板滑块的性能

计算结果表明,铁磁流体润滑的平板滑块的性能与牛顿流体或Bingham塑料润滑的平板的性能显著不同.屈服应力引起粘附核的发生,并且增加滑块的承载能力.在低速润滑中,高磁场强度对承载能力是有好处的,因为它可以提高铁磁流体的粘度和在润滑膜中引起粘附核.当出现粘附核时,铁磁流体润滑的平板滑块的最佳膜厚比的值大于2.2,并随外磁场强度增加而增大.在高速润滑中,可能没有粘附核出现,在此情况下,为了得到最大承载能力而采用膜厚比的值为2.2是可取的.在高磁场强度或高剪切速率下,铁磁流体润滑的平板滑块的摩擦系数增大.      

绿色切削中的MQL技术

重点介绍了MQL(Minimal Quantities of Lubricant)技术的研究现状、实际应用、环境及经济性能评价以及尚待进一步解决的问题。指出MQL与刀具技术、低温风冷和水雾冷却技术的结合使用将是未来难加工材料高速切削领域中的主要潮流。