Intracellular molecular distributions in spacecraft experiments in orbit around Earth

It is possible that the nucleolous inside the cell plays the role of a “gravity receptor”. Furthermore, cells up to 10 μm in diameter can demonstrate some effect due to the redistribution of mitochondria or nucleolous. Effects of gravity should be present in various cell systems where larger objects such as the ribosomes move from cell to cell. In this paper we study the effects of gravity on cells. In particular, we examine the resulting intracellular molecular distribution due to Brownian motion and the ordered distribution of molecules under the action of gravity, where n₀ is the number per unit volume at certain level, and n is the number per unit volume above that level. This is an experiment that takes place at a certain orbital altitude in a spacecraft in orbit around Earth, where the acceleration due to the central field is corrected for the oblateness and also the rotation of the Earth. We found that equatorial circular and elliptical orbits have the highest n/n₀ ratios. This experiment takes place in circular and elliptical orbits, with eccentricities e = 0, 0.1 and involves a bacterial cell at an orbital altitude of 300 km. We found that n/n₀ = 1.00299 and 1.0037 respectively, which is still a 0.6–0.7 % higher than n/n₀ = 0.0996685 calculated on the surface of the Earth. Examining mitochondria in similar orbital experiments we found that equatorial orbits result to higher n/n₀ ratios. In particular, we found that n/n₀ = 8.38119, where an elliptical orbit of eccentricity e = 0.1 results to n/n₀ = 13.8525. Both are high above 100%, signifying the importance of Brownian motion over gravity. Our results are of interest to biomedical applications. Molecular concentrations are important for various processes such as the embryogenesis, positional homeostasis and its relation to cell energy expenditure, cell torque, cell deformation, and more. These results indicate that statistical molecular distributions play an important role for the recognition of a particular environment by the cell, in biological space experiment to come.     

临近空间高超声速目标跟踪动力学模型

针对临近空间滑跃式高超声速目标(NSHV)跟踪问题,提出一种新型的动力学跟踪模型。首先从动力学方程与横纵向机动样式两个方面分析了NSHV运动特性,将其抽象为滑跃式NSHV气动加速度相关性的一般规律;在此基础上将气动加速度中的阻力与爬升加速度建模为二阶时间相关模型,使其加速度自相关函数同时具备周期性与衰减性,并据此建立了动力学跟踪模型状态方程;此外,为应对有无动力段转换的误差突变问题(有动力的情况),引入强跟踪滤波进行突变点的滤波补偿。最后通过与不同现有算法比较验证了模型的优 越性 。     

近圆参考轨道卫星编队的安全性

针对近圆参考轨道卫星,利用相对轨道要素对编队构形进行了统一描述,提出了编队卫星在垂直于轨道平面方向相对运动最小距离的计算公式,分析了J2摄动对卫星编队安全性的影响。仿真结果表明环绕星在轨道平面内和垂直于轨道平面内的相位差对编队安全性的影响较大,给出的提高编队卫星安全性的措施可为卫星编队的实际工程应用提供参考。     

临近空间载人舱着陆动力学及影响因素分析

为满足临近空间载人舱着陆缓冲装置可重复使用以及多着陆工况下能提供较好缓冲性能的要求,提出一种以双腔油气缓冲器为主支柱,单腔油气缓冲器为辅助支柱的新型着陆缓冲系统。针对舱体着陆过程,建立了考虑地面弹塑性变形的联合仿真动力学模型;通过与单腿着陆冲击试验的对比分析验证了所建动力学模型的有效性。在此基础上,研究了水平着陆速度,着陆俯仰角以及地面摩擦系数三种初始着陆条件对临近空间载人舱着陆性能的影响。研究结果表明：降低水平着陆速度可有效减小舱体水平着陆过载及提高着陆稳定性能;水平或小俯仰角着陆可使主、辅支柱的受载分配更加合理;减小足垫与地面间摩擦力可降低舱体竖直过载并提高着陆稳定性能。     

近空间高超声速飞行器输入饱和抑制模糊自适应控制

针对近空间高超声速飞行器三通道姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于输入饱和抑制的非线性模糊自适应滑模控制器。考虑到飞行器模型具有严格反馈形式的特点,以反步法为基础,结合非奇异快速Terminal滑模方法设计控制器。设计了模糊系统估计模型中的干扰项,并通过自适应鲁棒项补偿估计误差,引入非线性增益函数提高控制系统的饱和抑制能力,并基于Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统的稳定性。最后,通过仿真对比实验验证方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器能够保证飞行控制系统在存在模型参数不确定性的情况下具有良好的姿态跟踪性能和输入饱和抑制能力。     

临近空间高超声速飞行器黑障问题研究综述

首先对国内外黑障问题研究历史进行了回顾,然后从等离子体鞘套形成机理和基本特征、电波传播机理及信道特征等方面阐述了高超声速飞行器黑障问题的成因。随后,着重介绍了等离子体流场和电波传播数值模拟方法并分析了方法的适用性。进一步对等离子体地面模拟方法和诊断技术进行了概述,并对国内外地面黑障实验结果进行了详细分析。在此基础上,针对临近空间高超声速飞行器的特点,采用层次分析法(AHP)对现有黑障消除技术进行了评估,给出了目前工程实用方法、近期可能实现的工程实用解以及未来具有应用潜力的消除技术。最后,对黑障问题后续研究方向提出了几点建议。     

高超声速飞行器发射坐标系导航算法

针对高超声速飞行器弹道特点和导航参数的需求,提出基于发射坐标系(LCEF)的高超声速飞行器导航算法。首先,介绍发射坐标系下捷联惯导(SINS)算法编排,推导发射坐标系下姿态、速度和位置离散递推方程。然后,介绍地心地固系(ECEF)下的卫星位置和速度转换到发射坐标系的方法,推导发射坐标系的SINS/BDS组合导航滤波器状态方程和量测方程。最后,以助推-滑翔飞行器为对象,进行了发射坐标系下组合导航仿真,位置精度小于10 m,速度精度小于0.2 m/s。     

反临近空间高超声速飞行器若干研究进展

为了支撑我国反临近空间高超声速飞行器相关领域的基础研究和工程研制,在分析典型临近空间高超声速目标飞行特性和作战任务剖面的基础上,综述了目标预警探测、轨迹跟踪预测、制导控制方法、拦截攻击策略四个方面的若干研究成果,讨论了每个方面存在的技术难题和可行的解决方案,并建议从天/临/空/地/海体系预警、红外多模复合敏感、可攻击区轨迹预测、直/气复合等先进控制、协同拦截防御等方面给予重点研究。     

基于AutoCAD几何建模的近场目标电磁散射计算技术

为了计算复杂目标的雷达散射截面（RCS），提出了一种基于AutoCAD几何建模的近场目标电磁散射计算技术，计算了单元体，组成体以及飞机的近场雷达散射截面，理论计算和实测结果较为吻合，为在微机上计算复杂目标近场RCS提供了一种理想的方法。     

Polynomial networks based adaptive attitude tracking control for NSVs with input constraints and stochastic noises

This paper proposes a backstepping technique and Multi-dimensional Taylor Polynomial Networks (MTPN) based adaptive attitude tracking control strategy for Near Space Vehicles (NSVs) subjected to input constraints and stochastic input noises. Firstly, considering the control input has stochastic noises, and the attitude motion dynamical model of the NSVs is actually modeled as the Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) stochastic nonlinear system form. Furthermore, the MTPN is used to estimate the unknown system uncertainties, and an auxiliary system is designed to compensate the influence of the saturation control input. Then, by using backstepping method and the output of the auxiliary system, a MTPN-based robust adaptive attitude control approach is proposed for the NSVs with saturation input nonlinearity, stochastic input noises, and system uncertainties. Stochastic Lyapunov stability theory is utilized to analysis the stability in the sense of probability of the entire closed-loop system. Additionally, by selecting appropriate parameters, the tracking errors will converge to a small neighborhood with a tunable radius. Finally, the numerical simulation results of the NSVs attitude motion show the satisfactory flight control performance under the proposed tracking control strategy.