Mapping orbits with low station keeping costs for constellations of satellites based on the integral over the time of the perturbing forces

The present paper is concerned with the search for orbits that have potential to require low fuel consumption for station-keeping maneuvers for constellations of satellites. The method used to study this problem is based on the integral over the time of the undesired perturbing forces. This integral measures the change of velocity caused by the perturbation forces acting on the satellite, so mapping orbits that are less perturbed, which generates good candidates for orbits that requires low fuel consumption for station-keeping maneuvers. The integral over the time depends only on the orbit of the spacecraft and the dynamical system considered. The type of engine and the control technique applied to the spacecraft are not considered to search for those orbits. It can be a good strategy to be applied for a first mapping of orbits. For this search, it is analyzed the integral of orbits with different values of the Keplerian elements in order to find the best ones with respect to this criterion. The perturbations considered are the ones caused by the third body, which includes the Sun and the Moon, and the J₂ term of the geopotential. The results presented here show numerical simulations to obtain the integral of those perturbing forces for different orbits. The GPS and the Molniya constellations are used as examples for those calculations.     

System design of the Hayabusa 2—Asteroid sample return mission to 1999 JU3

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is currently developing the second asteroid sample return mission, designated as Hayabusa 2. Following the successful return of Hayabusa from the asteroid “Itokawa”, Hayabusa 2 is designed as a round-trip mission to the asteroid “1999 JU3”. The 1999 JU3 is a C-type asteroid, which is believed to contain organic matter and hydrated minerals. Thus, it is expected that successful sample collection will provide additional knowledge on the origin and evolution of the planets and, in particular, the origin of water and organic matter. The current mission scenario will enable the spacecraft to reach 1999 JU3 in the middle of 2018 and perform an asteroid proximity operation for 1.5 years. Three touch downs for sampling and one 2-m-class crater generation by means of a high-speed impact operation are planned during the asteroid proximity operation. The samples are to be brought back to the Earth by a re-entry capsule. The present paper describes the system design of Hayabusa 2, some key technical challenges of the mission, and the development status.     

引信目标RCS理论算法的发展及应用

论述了引信近场雷达散射截面(RCS)计算的特殊性及难点，同时介绍了计算引信目标RCS的多种高频理论预估方法，着重比较了物理光学面元法与几何光学法，并讨论了其他一些理论方法的特点。通过某型导弹的应用实例，指出了引信目标模型在雷达引信目标系统仿真中的重要作用。     

The mitigation, management, and survivability of asteroid/comet impact with Earth

The chances that Earth will collide with a significant near earth object (NEO) within the next century are very small, but such a collision is possible, would be catastrophic, and could happen at any time. Much discussion has been devoted to methods of diverting these objects away from Earth through the use of space technology. However, if these efforts are unsuccessful, we would need to implement effective strategies to survive the event, no matter how cataclysmic. To date, disaster management for various impact scenarios has not been addressed (except in novels and Hollywood films). An impact disaster may be many orders of magnitude greater than any disaster the human species has ever experienced. Initially, technology and experience gained in other large-scale disasters will most likely form the foundation of how these impact events will be managed and classified. Given the size and energy of the projectile, the estimated area of damage, and whether impact effects might be localized or global in nature, we can begin to build basic disaster response scenarios, anticipate public health concerns, and formulate questions in need of answers. Questions we must deal with include: what will be required technologically, sociologically, and medically to survive? What types of evacuation plans and warning systems might be required? Capabilities in need of further investigation include: technological protection strategies related to ‘impact winter’, expanded chemical hazard control methodologies, food storage and production, roles of national governments, and international cooperation. Whatever the magnitude and severity of the event, we must reflect on what we know, what capabilities we can apply, develop or adapt, and seriously investigate what might be done to manage it and survive.     

再入钝头体近尾流动计算

本文采用联立求解粘性剪切层和有旋元粘区的方法计算了再入钝头体层流近尾流场，有旋无粘区采用有旋特征线法计算，粘性剪切层采用改进的流管法计算，这两个区域间的基本流线上的压力，温度，速度等由两个区域迭代匹配确定，粘性剪切层的下边界区分流线采用的实验确定，回避了回流区复杂计算，计算结果与有关试验和文献一致，本文的目的是提供远尾流计算所需的颈部初剖面。     

临近空间超长航时太阳能无人机发展及关键技术

临近空间超长航时太阳能无人机是目前国际上研究的前沿方向,简述了目前国外临近空间太阳能无人机发展概况,梳理并分析了发展临近空间太阳能无人机亟待解决的关键技术,并对临近空间太阳能无人机的发展趋势进行了展望.     

零件近净成形新工艺——差温无模锻造热力耦合有限元模拟分析

以AIS1045钢圆柱体在环形加热源局部加热下的差温无模锻造为例，利用热力耦合有限元方法模拟其成形过程。模拟结果表明，差温无模锻造作为零件近净成形的一种新工艺是可行的。差温无模锻造成形的关键是要获得和控制金属坯料内部适宜的不均匀分布温度场，加热环和冷却环的适当组合可以获得成形所需的温度分布花样。在快速变形方式下，变形前的温度分布花样基本上决定了金属的流动模式，变形过程的持续加热对其影响甚微；在慢速变形方式下，变形过程的持续加热对金属的流动模式产生一定的影响。     

A simulation of Martian gravity field recovery by using a near equatorial orbiter

An improvement to the Martian gravity field may be achieved by means of future orbiting spacecraft with small eccentricity and low altitude exemplified through a newly proposed mission design that may be tested in upcoming reconnaissance of Mars. Here, the near equatorial orbital character (with an inclination approximating 10°, eccentricity as 0.01 and semi-major axis as 4000 km) is considered, and its contribution to Martian gravity field solution is analyzed by comparing it with a hypothetical polar circular orbiter. The solution models are evaluated in terms of the following viewpoints: power spectra of gravity field coefficients, correlations of low degree zonal coefficients, precise orbit determination, and error distribution of both Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid. At the same time, the contributions of the near equatorial orbiters in low degree zonal coefficients time variations are also considered. The present results show that the near equatorial orbiter allows us to improve the accuracy of the Martian gravity field solution, decrease correlation of low degree zonal coefficients, retrieve much better time variable information of low degree zonal coefficients, improve precise orbit determination, and provide more accurate Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid around the equatorial region.     

临近空间伞张式飞艇气囊结构协同仿真研究

首先介绍了临近空间伞张式飞艇气囊结构的组成和工作原理,针对原有伞张式气囊伸缩机构存在的受力集中问题提出了改进设计方案,然后对改进设计的伞张式气囊伸缩机构进行了多柔体动力学仿真,得到连接盘处的位移时间函数,并对20km飞行高度的飞艇气囊结构进行有限元分析,得到气囊表面应力分布和气囊张力传递到气囊伸缩机构连接盘处的作用力,最后提出了一种多柔体动力学分析和有限元分析协同仿真方法,得到整个变形过程中气囊伸缩机构中受力最大连杆的载荷历程。通过与原有气囊伸缩机构中连杆的载荷历程进行对比,验证了改进设计方案的合理性。     

Near real-time modeling of global ionospheric vertical total electron content using hourly IGS data

The International GNSS Service (IGS) has been providing reliable Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) since 1998. The Ionosphere Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs) model the global ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) and generate the daily GIM products within the context of the IGS. However, the rapid and final daily GIM products have a latency of at least one day and one week or so, respectively. This limits the value of GIM products in real-time GNSS applications. We propose and develop an approach for near real-time modeling of global ionospheric TEC by using the hourly IGS data. We perform an experiment in a real operating environment to generate near real-time GIM (named BUHG) products for more than two years. Final daily GIM products, Precise Point Positioning (PPP) based VTEC resources, and JASON-3 Vertical TEC (VTEC) measurements are collected for testing the performance of BUHG. The results show that the performance of BUHG is very close to that of the daily GIM products. Also, there is good agreement between BUHG and PPP-derived VTEC as well as with JASON-3 VTEC. It is possible that BUHG would be further improved with an increase in available hourly GNSS data.