基于Gauss伪谱法的临近空间飞行器上升段轨迹优化

综合考虑密度变化、声速变化、发动机推力变化及地球引力等因素对飞行轨迹的影响,研究了与实际飞行环境更加相符的临近空间飞行器燃料最优爬升轨迹。针对该问题在气动数据处理和优化求解上存在的困难,提出一种基于Gauss伪谱法(Gauss Pseudospectral Method,GPM)的求解策略。首先,依据气动数据特点,设计拟合模型对气动参数进行高精度拟合;其次,为避免间接法和传统直接法的缺点,将Gauss伪谱法和序贯二次规划(Sequential Quadratic Programming,SQP)相结合,对存在边值及加速度约束的轨迹优化问题进行求解,获得最优飞行轨迹。仿真结果表明,在更为真实的飞行环境下,利用GPM和SQP相结合的方法可在5.83s获得一条精度为10-4～10-6左右的飞行轨迹。     

火箭基组合推进研究现状与前景

对国内外火箭基组合推进系统(RBCC)的研究动态和进展情况进行了总结,阐述了不同时期火箭基组合推进研究计划的重点和所取得的研究成果。分析了火箭基组合推进系统涉及的多项关键技术及其研究进展。论述了火箭基组合推进在两级入轨可重复使用天地往返系统、临近空间及空天飞行器和单级入轨方面的应用前景,并对国内这方面的研究提出了建议。     

近圆轨道航天器伴随飞行控制方法研究

对近圆轨道上航天器在轨长期伴随飞行的轨道控制方法进行了研究。比较了采用C\|W方 程（Clohess\|Wiltsire）解析解和轨道根数两种方法描述相对运动的相同点和差异。分析 影响航天器长期伴随飞行的各种因素。在总结相对运动规律的情况下设计轨道修正条件,提 出两种伴随飞行的轨道控制方法,并分别对两种方法的控制效果进行理论分析。数学仿真结 果表明两种控制方法都能实现航天器长期伴随飞行,且第二种方法能够较大程度上节省燃料 消耗。     

一种高精度的卫星星历模型

针对近圆的近地卫星轨道提供了一种高精度的计算卫星星历的数学模型,该模型利用10个固定参数来拟合轨道的长期和长周期变化部分,短周期变化部分利用已有的理论结果。充分利用近圆轨道的特点将田谐项引起的短周期变化部分进行同频合并后,最终的分析表达式相当简单。该模型还有相当大的灵活性,可以根据不同的精度要求进行相应的选择,其最大误差可控制在50m以下。      

变化风场下近空间飞行器机体/发动机一体化飞行力学建模与分析

近空间飞行器飞行包络大、环境变化复杂、参数变化激烈,对其开展飞行控制技术研究工作的首要问题是对此复杂系统基本物理规律准确把握和描述,并依此建立其机理运动模型。针对机体/发动机一体化设计的近空间飞行器,系统地进行了飞行力学分析,并推导了变化风场下近空间飞行器在高超声速条件下的完整的6-自由度12-状态的动力学方程和运动学方程,体现出变化风场的影响和推力矢量的作用。随后,对其在不同条件下的开环控制特性进行了仿真研究,直观表现了系统的快时变、强耦合、强非线性和不确定性等特点。所得结果可用于未来高超声速飞行器轨迹管理、飞行控制等问题的概念设计和仿真研究。     

Relative motion guidance for near-rectilinear lunar orbits with path constraints via actor-critic reinforcement learning

This paper presents a feedback guidance algorithm for proximity operation in cislunar environment based on actor-critic reinforcement learning. The algorithm is lightweight, closed-loop, and capable of taking path constraints into account. The method relies on reinforcement learning to make the well known Zero-Effort-Miss/Zero-Effort-Velocity guidance state dependent and allow for path constraints to be directly embedded. The algorithm is tested in the circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) framework for Near Rectilinear Orbits (NRO) in the Earth-Moon system. It shows promising results in terminal guidance error and satisfies path constraints in constraint scenarios comprising spherical constraints and keep-out-spheres with approach corridors. Furthermore, this approach indicates that reinforcement learning can be effectively used to solve constrained relative spacecraft guidance problems in complex environments and thus can be effective for autonomous relative motion operations in the Earth-Moon dynamical environment.     

Reducing mission operations costs through spacecraft autonomy: the near earth asteroid rendezvous (near) experience

With a maximum time of 12 days out of ground contact and a round-trip light time as high as 56 minutes, The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft requires a moderate degree of onboard autonomy to react to faults and safe the spacecraft. Beyond the basic safing requirements, additional functions are carried out onboard. For example, on-board calculation of the Sun, Earth, asteroid, and spacecraft positions allow the spacecraft to autonomously orient itself for science and downlink operations. On-board autonomous momentum management during cruise relieves Mission Operations from planning, scheduling, and carrying out many manual momentum dumps. During development, additional operations, such as center-of-mass management during propulsive maneuvers and optical navigation were also considered for onboard autonomy on the NEAR spacecraft, but were not selected. The allocation of functions to onboard software or to ground operations involved tradeoffs such as development time for onboard software versus ground software, resource management, life cycle costs, and spacecraft safety.After two years of cruise operations, considerable experience with the NEAR autonomy system has accrued. The utility of some autonomous capabilities is greater than expected, others less so. Software uploads increased spacecraft autonomy in some cases, and the impact on Mission Operations can be assessed. Allocation of functions between spacecraft autonomy and ground operation during development of future missions can be improved by applying the lessons learned from the NEAR experience.     

Design and analysis of a direct transfer trajectory from a near rectilinear halo orbit to a low lunar orbit

A near rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) is regarded as a potential orbit for a future deep space station that can effectively support sustainable crewed lunar exploration missions. In this paper, the L₂ southern NRHOs are selected as the research object, and a direct transfer trajectory from an NRHO to a low lunar orbit (LLO) is designed and analyzed. First, based on the circular restricted three-body problem, the characteristics of NRHOs are discussed including geometric behaviour, stability and synodic resonance. Second, optimal direct transfer trajectories are obtained by combining a local gradient optimization with a numerical continuation strategy. A reachable domain calculation model is established. Finally, simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility of the trajectory design method. The relationship between the velocity change and the reachable domain is further analysed through simulation calculations.     

基于边缘电流法近远场变换中的探头补偿

针对目前平面近远场变换中，探头H面方向图对天线远区副瓣引入误差较大的情况，研究了一种基于边缘电流法近远场变换的探头补偿。通过在微波暗室对某频段阵列天线测量，并分别用传统使用的stratton-chu积分法、E面电场法与边缘电流法进行近远场变换并进行比较。结果表明，此方法相比传统方法，副瓣精度基本接近国际先进水平，远远高于国内现有水平，证明了该方法的有效性和工程实用性，并填补了国内空白。     

临近空间浮空器总体参数的优化设计研究

临近空间飞行器是目前新概念飞行器发展的一个热点,本文研究了临近空间浮空器设计过程中对其在总体参数进行几何尺度控制的相关问题。在一定的基本假设和约束条件下,给出了一套参数估算常规飞艇形式临近空间浮空器的总体几何尺度的计算流程。利用这一流程进行计算,得到了几项单项技术指标对于该种类型浮空器总体尺度的影响规律,讨论了控制缩减总体尺度可以优先发展的技术领域。最后分析了载重量对于浮空器尺度的影响情况。