The development of a Russian communication satellite of small class, operating in the geostationary and high-elliptical orbits

In 1994-1995 Lavochkin Association (Russia) together with the other enterprises in accordance with technical requirements of the Russian Space agency, developed a new Russian communication satellite of a small class that will operate in both the geostationary (GSO) and high-elliptical (HEO) orbits. This satellite may be injected into operational orbits using a SOYUZ-2 launch vehicle (LV) and a FREGAT upper stage (US) from Plesetsk and Baykonur space launch sites (SLS).The main reason for creating such a satellite was to decrease the cost of the support and development of the Russian communication geostationary satellites group.Russian satellites Horizont, Express, Ekran and Gals, which operate in GSO, are the basis of the space segment for communications, radio and TV broadcasting. All of these satellites are injected into GSO by the PROTON LV. PROTON is a launch vehicle of a heavy class. The use of a middle class LV instead of a heavy class will allow to reduce considerably the launch cost. The change of a heavy class LV to a LV of middle class determined one economic reason for this project. Besides, the opportunity to launch S/C into GSO from Russian Plesetsk SLS increases the independence of Russia in the domain of space communications, despite the presence of the contract with Kazachstan about the rent of Baykonur SLS. Finally, use of small satellites with a rather small number of transponders is more effective than the use of big satellites. It will allow also to increase a satellite group (by the launch of additional satellites) precisely in accordance to the development of the ground segment.     

复杂动态环境下无人飞行器动态避障近似最优轨迹规划

针对复杂动态环境下无人飞行器的动态障碍规避问题,基于合理假设建立了无人飞行器和动态障碍的运动学模型,并综合考虑无人飞行器飞行过程中的终端约束、控制输入约束、安全避障约束等,以能量最少为性能指标构建动态避障问题数学描述。之后,针对终端约束和控制输入约束,依据优化模型预测静态规划算法(OMPSP)生成初始轨迹;针对动态避障问题的不等式约束,引入松弛变量并结合滑模变结构控制方法设计松弛变量动力学,实现对一个、多个或同时多个动态障碍的安全规避;最后,依据有限时间微分动态规划(RHDDP)算法进行轨迹优化,获得满足上述各种约束并能规避动态障碍的近似最优轨迹。     

实用换能器频谱及声场特性分析

本文从超声检测原理出发 ,针对超声检测中近场区内缺陷难以准确定量的问题 ,利用计算机数字信号处理技术 ,通过对不同换能器进行频谱分析 ,计算各换能器声轴线上声压分布曲线 ,并进行对比实验 ,探讨了超声检测中声轴线上声压分布的一般规律。为提高超声检测的可靠性 ,并最终解决上述问题提供了理论和实验依据     

一种临近空间高超声速飞行器翼舵干扰研究

在临近空间区域内飞行的高超声速飞行器对舵面操纵特性提出了严苛的要求,在高空高速条件下主翼对舵效有严重影响。通过风洞试验对带全动舵升力体的高超声速升阻特性进行了研究,发现由于主翼的遮挡效应,负舵偏比同舵偏值的正舵偏对升力体升阻特性影响更明显。数值模拟结果显示在舵偏角从-20°～20°变化过程中,由于主翼与舵面之间气流干扰造成舵面上下压差变化复杂,-12°～2°舵偏产生抬头铰链力矩,其余正负舵偏均产生低头铰链力矩,主翼后缘上表面的分离线随攻角增加逐渐前移,迎风面高压气流通过翼舵之间缝隙向上发展,使得舵上表面再附线后移,翼舵之间均有明显的横向流动。     

基于滑模干扰观测器的近空间飞行器非线性广义预测控制

近空间飞行器(NSV)的飞行包络很大,特别在高超声速飞行过程中,系统将具有强烈非线性 、耦合性和快速时变性,同时将受到较大的外干扰及不确定性影响,这对控制系统提出了很 大的挑战。为此,提出了基于滑模干扰观测器(SMDO)的非线性广义预测控制(NGPC)策略,将 滑模控制的强鲁棒性和预测控制良好的动态性能相结合,设计了高超声速条件下NSV的姿态 制导控制律,进一步仿真实验,结果表明该飞控系统具有良好的控制性能和抗干扰能力。
     

临近空间测控系统技术特征分析

临近空间飞行器的兴起对测控与信息传输（以下可简称测控）系统提出了与传统航天、航空     

临近空间高超声速目标滑跃式轨迹Sine-AIMM跟踪算法

针对单一的Sine模型算法无法与临近空间高超声速目标滑跃式轨迹准确匹配,现有的交互多模型(IMM)算法跟踪效果也不够理想的问题,提出一种基于多重贝叶斯准则的自适应交互式多Sine模型(Sine-AIMM)临近空间高超声速滑跃式目标跟踪算法.算法采用多个Sine模型对滑跃式轨迹进行匹配,并利用多重贝叶斯准则在线调整各模型...     

State propagation in an uncertain asteroid gravity field

Various spacecraft have been and will be sent to asteroids to characterize them. Generally, an asteroid's gravity field is very irregular and not accurately known when compared to the gravity field of a major planet, Earth in particular. It has been well studied that the irregularity significantly affects the trajectory of an orbiting spacecraft, and causes it to impact or to escape from the asteroid. Complementary to that, this paper focuses on the influence of the limited knowledge of this gravity field on the evolution of the spacecraft's orbit. It develops a general method by which this influence can be quantified. This method comprises specific Monte Carlo simulations with a discrete set of low-altitude orbits, taking into account the uncertainties in the gravity-field parameters. For illustration purposes, it is applied to two different asteroids. Already after three revolutions, the gravity-field uncertainties propagate to significant position uncertainties; this specifically holds for prograde orbits, and around the smaller asteroid. Applying this robust and accurate method helps mission designers and planners to assess the risk posed by gravity uncertainties, and take appropriate measures such as choosing the most favorable orbital geometries and/or lowering the orbit more slowly.     

利用自然能的轨迹可控临近空间浮空器初步设计

文章针对现有临近空间浮空器持久区域驻留期间面临的“超热”、“超压”和抗风机动飞行对材料和能源技术的挑战,提出一种充分利用自然界热能和准零风层风场环境的新型临近空间浮空器技术方案。文章分别介绍了新型临近空间浮空器的工作原理、系统组成、功能特点和飞行操控策略;通过浮空器热建模仿真分析和参数总体设计,研究了主气囊热控参数、浮空器白天和夜间“超热”能力,以及浮空器体积规模之间的耦合关系。结果表明,通过主气囊热控参数优化设计,可使浮空器白天“超热”值在100K以上,夜间“超热”值在20K以上,并给出了20~80K“超热”范围内的新型浮空器总体参数设计结果,这些结果满足浮空器高度调节所需浮升能力变化要求。     

近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统Simulink仿真研究

近空间高超声速飞行器具有高动态性特点,能实现精确打击,要保证其高精度,导航系统是关键。惯性导航技术具有可靠性好、输出连续的优点,是近空间巡航飞行器的核心导航系统。本文利用Simulink与M语言结合完成对近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统的仿真研究。构建了近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统的Simulink仿真模型,通过对静基座下的惯导导航误差进行分析,验证了仿真系统的正确性。对近空间高超声速飞行器的航迹进行了仿真,分析了飞行速度对向心加速度及哥氏加速度的影响,对开展近空间高超声速飞行器惯性导航系统的研究具有良好的参考意义。