考虑跟踪性能约束的近空间飞行器控制器设计

针对一类可变后掠角的近空间飞行器(NSV)指令跟踪问题，考虑其受到外界扰动及参数不确定的影响，同时考虑系统的跟踪性能约束及姿态角速度约束，提出了一种基于模糊系统的切换控制器设计方法，确保系统在扰动影响以及给定约束下能够对给定信号进行稳定跟踪。建立了包含未知扰动及不确定项的近空间飞行器非线性切换模型；通过设计模糊系统对系统所受的总干扰进行实时估计，并基于反步法进行了切换控制器设计，在控制器中对干扰进行补偿；通过公共Barrier Lyapunov方法对系统稳定性及动态性能进行了分析。数值仿真算例校验了所提出方法的有效性及优越性。     

改进的平方根UKF在再入滑翔目标跟踪中的应用

针对临近空间高超声速再入滑翔目标跟踪问题，提出了一种基于新气动力模型的改进的平方根UKF滤波算法(ISR-UKF)。首先对气动力模型进行了变换。其次，在传统平方根UKF基础上，改用球形无迹变换来计算权系数以及sigma点；改进了平方根矩阵的分解方法；同时为解决矩阵求逆易出现奇异值使滤波失效的问题，提出在协方差矩阵更新中引入多重次稳定因子。最后将该算法分别与基于原气动力的ISR-UKF，基于新气动力的平方根UKF以及基于原气动力的平方根UKF进行仿真比较。仿真表明，该算法具有良好的滤波性能，而且能避免奇异值问题的出现，具有很好的可靠性。     

Combination methods of tropospheric time series

In this article we present two methods for combination of different Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) time-series for the same GNSS site, but from different producers or different processing setups. One method has been setup at ASI/CGS, the other at KNMI. Using Near Real-Time (NRT) ZTD data covering 1 year from the E-GVAP project, the performance of the two methods is inter-compared and validation is made against a combined ZTD solution from EUREF, based on post-processed ZTDs. Further, validation of the ASI combined solutions is made against independent ZTDs derived from radiosonde, Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) ZTD.     

Imaging spectroscopy of the Venus 1.27-μm O2 airglow with ground-based telescopes

Several ground-based observations of the Venus 1.27-μm O₂ airglow were carried out from 2002 to 2005. Spectral image cubes were taken with the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory/infrared imaging spectrometer (superOASIS), the Gunma Astronomical Observatory/Cassegrain Near-Infrared Camera and NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility/cryogenic echelle spectrograph (CSHELL). The brightest airglow features were found at around the anti-solar point, which is in agreement with previous studies. We derived the rotational temperature distributions on the nightside hemisphere from observed airglow spectra. The temperature shows a weak positive correlation with the airglow intensity. The result indicates the bright region is heated chemically and/or dynamically, and supports the existing scenario for the Venus O₂ airglow. That is, the airglow is excited by the descending oxygen transported from the dayside.     

System design of the Hayabusa 2—Asteroid sample return mission to 1999 JU3

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is currently developing the second asteroid sample return mission, designated as Hayabusa 2. Following the successful return of Hayabusa from the asteroid “Itokawa”, Hayabusa 2 is designed as a round-trip mission to the asteroid “1999 JU3”. The 1999 JU3 is a C-type asteroid, which is believed to contain organic matter and hydrated minerals. Thus, it is expected that successful sample collection will provide additional knowledge on the origin and evolution of the planets and, in particular, the origin of water and organic matter. The current mission scenario will enable the spacecraft to reach 1999 JU3 in the middle of 2018 and perform an asteroid proximity operation for 1.5 years. Three touch downs for sampling and one 2-m-class crater generation by means of a high-speed impact operation are planned during the asteroid proximity operation. The samples are to be brought back to the Earth by a re-entry capsule. The present paper describes the system design of Hayabusa 2, some key technical challenges of the mission, and the development status.     

The mitigation, management, and survivability of asteroid/comet impact with Earth

The chances that Earth will collide with a significant near earth object (NEO) within the next century are very small, but such a collision is possible, would be catastrophic, and could happen at any time. Much discussion has been devoted to methods of diverting these objects away from Earth through the use of space technology. However, if these efforts are unsuccessful, we would need to implement effective strategies to survive the event, no matter how cataclysmic. To date, disaster management for various impact scenarios has not been addressed (except in novels and Hollywood films). An impact disaster may be many orders of magnitude greater than any disaster the human species has ever experienced. Initially, technology and experience gained in other large-scale disasters will most likely form the foundation of how these impact events will be managed and classified. Given the size and energy of the projectile, the estimated area of damage, and whether impact effects might be localized or global in nature, we can begin to build basic disaster response scenarios, anticipate public health concerns, and formulate questions in need of answers. Questions we must deal with include: what will be required technologically, sociologically, and medically to survive? What types of evacuation plans and warning systems might be required? Capabilities in need of further investigation include: technological protection strategies related to ‘impact winter’, expanded chemical hazard control methodologies, food storage and production, roles of national governments, and international cooperation. Whatever the magnitude and severity of the event, we must reflect on what we know, what capabilities we can apply, develop or adapt, and seriously investigate what might be done to manage it and survive.     

再入钝头体近尾流动计算

本文采用联立求解粘性剪切层和有旋元粘区的方法计算了再入钝头体层流近尾流场，有旋无粘区采用有旋特征线法计算，粘性剪切层采用改进的流管法计算，这两个区域间的基本流线上的压力，温度，速度等由两个区域迭代匹配确定，粘性剪切层的下边界区分流线采用的实验确定，回避了回流区复杂计算，计算结果与有关试验和文献一致，本文的目的是提供远尾流计算所需的颈部初剖面。     

引信目标RCS理论算法的发展及应用

论述了引信近场雷达散射截面(RCS)计算的特殊性及难点，同时介绍了计算引信目标RCS的多种高频理论预估方法，着重比较了物理光学面元法与几何光学法，并讨论了其他一些理论方法的特点。通过某型导弹的应用实例，指出了引信目标模型在雷达引信目标系统仿真中的重要作用。     

零件近净成形新工艺——差温无模锻造热力耦合有限元模拟分析

以AIS1045钢圆柱体在环形加热源局部加热下的差温无模锻造为例，利用热力耦合有限元方法模拟其成形过程。模拟结果表明，差温无模锻造作为零件近净成形的一种新工艺是可行的。差温无模锻造成形的关键是要获得和控制金属坯料内部适宜的不均匀分布温度场，加热环和冷却环的适当组合可以获得成形所需的温度分布花样。在快速变形方式下，变形前的温度分布花样基本上决定了金属的流动模式，变形过程的持续加热对其影响甚微；在慢速变形方式下，变形过程的持续加热对金属的流动模式产生一定的影响。     

临近空间超长航时太阳能无人机发展及关键技术

临近空间超长航时太阳能无人机是目前国际上研究的前沿方向,简述了目前国外临近空间太阳能无人机发展概况,梳理并分析了发展临近空间太阳能无人机亟待解决的关键技术,并对临近空间太阳能无人机的发展趋势进行了展望.