亚声速条件下总压探针临壁效应的数值研究

本文基于数值模拟的方法,研究了四种不同结构 (A型、B型、C型、D型)的总压探针在不同近壁距离条件下对流场及自身总压测量值造成的影响,并将数值模拟结果与文献实验结果对比。结果表明：相对近壁距离c/d越小,造成总压探针头部气流偏转角误差越大,总压探针的测量误差越大,总压损失系数最大值小于1%;当c/d>3,总压损失系数趋近于0,说明近壁距离大于3倍探针外径时临壁效应消失;在同一工况下,四种结构的总压探针测量值受到临壁效应的影响依次增大;被测流场流动均匀性减小,靠近总压探针支杆后方速度均匀度最小。     

临近空间高速飞行器综合信道模型研究

针对临近空间飞行器在高速飞行时所经历的高动态多普勒和等离子鞘套等恶劣通信环境以及其通信中断问题,提出了临近空间高速飞行器的综合信道模型方案,在对综合信道内电波传输信道特性分析的基础上将其建模为频率选择性快衰落信道;同时建立了等离子鞘套信道的数学模型,利用传输矩阵法和FDTD算法计算了表征大尺度衰落的电波传输透射系数,并根据散射信道建模方法给出了小尺度衰落的仿真模型并对其参数的获取进行了分析.仿真计算和定性分析表明了该综合信道模型方案的可行性.     

俄罗斯的RESURS系列地球资源卫星

文章简要介绍了俄罗斯的RESURS系列地球资源卫星,包括RESURS-F系列卫星、RESURS-O系列卫星和正在研制中的RESURS-SPECTR卫星。介绍了RESURS系列卫星的轨道参数、有效载荷类型和性能等。     

现代电视中音响技术的应用

本文介绍了电视机中伴音系统的发展,从传统的伴音系统发展成“双伴音/立体声”方式,出现了丽音系统,形成了同保真立体声效果。然后又引入了环绕声技术,以及全数字处理方式,达到了真正的音响效果。文中给出了实现其功能的典型电路,以及今后的伴音发展趋势。     

岁差章动模型更新等因素对坐标转换的影响

GCRS(Geocentric Celestial Reference System,地心天球参考系)与ITRS(International Terrestrial Reference System,国际地球参考系)之间的坐标转换方法与岁差章动模型密切相关,IERS(International Earth Rotation and reference systems Service,国际地球自转与参考系服务)规范先后推荐了3组不同的岁差章动模型。论文分析了基于春分点的坐标转换过程,在比较3组岁差章动模型间差异的基础上,以太阳系10个天体为例,计算了岁差章动模型更新、极移、世界时与地球时差值等因素对坐标转换影响的具体数值。结果表明,IAU 2006岁差-IAU 2000AR06章动与IAU 2000岁差-IAU 2000A章动间的差异,对坐标转换的影响在0.5mas以内;而IAU1976岁差-IERS 1996章动与前2组岁差章动间的差异,对坐标转换影响的最大值达到37mas;极移对坐标转换影响的最大值达到0.6″,远高于岁差章动模型更新所带来的影响;当忽略世界时与地球时的差异时,结果完全错误。通过此分析,明确了极移、世界时与地球时的差异对坐标转换影响的具体数值,可为工程计算中岁差章动模型的选取提供参考依据。     

低轨星座传感器资源实时调度方法

针对低轨星座传感器资源调度问题,提出了一种基于几何精度衰减因子（GDOP）和目标位置估计误差椭球的调度方法,该方法综合考虑了目标的静态、动态定位因素,优先选择卫星目标视线垂直于误差椭球长轴的传感器资源对目标进行跟踪。仿真结果表明,与已有的仅考虑GDOP的调度方法相比,该方法既节省了传感器资源,又提高了目标的跟踪精度。     

TanDEM-X: A radar interferometer with two formation-flying satellites

TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements) is an innovative formation-flying radar mission that opens a new era in spaceborne radar remote sensing. The primary objective is the acquisition of a global digital elevation model (DEM) with unprecedented accuracy (12 m horizontal resolution and 2 m relative height accuracy). This goal is achieved by extending the TerraSAR-X synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mission by a second, TerraSAR-X like satellite (TDX) flying in close formation with TerraSAR-X (TSX). Both satellites form together a large single-pass SAR interferometer with the opportunity for flexible baseline selection. This enables the acquisition of highly accurate cross-track interferograms without the inherent accuracy limitations imposed by repeat-pass interferometry due to temporal decorrelation and atmospheric disturbances. Besides the primary goal of the mission, several secondary mission objectives based on along-track interferometry as well as new bistatic and multistatic SAR techniques have been defined, representing an important and innovative asset of the TanDEM-X mission. TanDEM-X is implemented in the framework of a public–private partnership between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and EADS Astrium GmbH. The TanDEM-X satellite was successfully launched in June 2010 and the mission started its operational data acquisition in December 2010. This paper provides an overview of the TanDEM-X mission and summarizes its actual status and performance. Furthermore, results from several scientific radar experiments are presented that show the great potential of future formation-flying interferometric SAR missions to serve novel remote sensing applications.     

Low-energy Earth–Moon transfers involving manifolds through isomorphic mapping

Analysis and design of low-energy transfers to the Moon has been a subject of great interest for decades. Exterior and interior transfers, based on the transit through the regions where the collinear libration points are located, have been studied for a long time and some space missions have already taken advantage of the results of these studies. This paper is concerned with a geometrical approach for low-energy Earth-to-Moon mission analysis, based on isomorphic mapping. The isomorphic mapping of trajectories allows a visual, intuitive representation of periodic orbits and of the related invariant manifolds, which correspond to tubes that emanate from the curve associated with the periodic orbit. Two types of Earth-to-Moon missions are considered. The first mission is composed of the following arcs: (i) transfer trajectory from a circular low Earth orbit to the stable invariant manifold associated with the Lyapunov orbit at L₁ (corresponding to a specified energy level) and (ii) transfer trajectory along the unstable manifold associated with the Lyapunov orbit at L₁, with final injection in a periodic orbit around the Moon. The second mission is composed of the following arcs: (i) transfer trajectory from a circular low Earth orbit to the stable invariant manifold associated with the Lyapunov orbit at L₁ (corresponding to a specified energy level) and (ii) transfer trajectory along the unstable manifold associated with the Lyapunov orbit at L₁, with final injection in a capture (non-periodic) orbit around the Moon. In both cases three velocity impulses are needed to perform the transfer: the first at an unknown initial point along the low Earth orbit, the second at injection on the stable manifold, the third at injection in the final (periodic or capture) orbit. The final goal is in finding the optimization parameters, which are represented by the locations, directions, and magnitudes of the velocity impulses such that the overall delta-v of the transfer is minimized. This work proves how isomorphic mapping (in two distinct forms) can be profitably employed to optimize such transfers, by determining in a geometrical fashion the desired optimization parameters that minimize the delta-v budget required to perform the transfer.     

Effect of condensation agents and minerals for oligopeptide formation under mild and hydrothermal conditions in related to chemical evolution of proteins

The role of condensation agents and minerals for oligopeptide formation was inspected to see whether minerals possess catalytic activity under mild and hydrothermal conditions. Under mild conditions, oligopeptide formation from negatively charged amino acids (Asp and Glu) using different minerals and the elongation of alanine oligopeptides ((Ala)₂–(Ala)₅) were attempted using apatite minerals. Oligo(Asp) up to 10 amino acid units from Asp were observed in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC). Notable influence of minerals was not detected for the oligo(Asp) formation. Oligo(Asp) was gradually degraded by the further incubation in the presence of EDC in both the absence and presence of minerals. The formation of oligo(Glu) was less efficient in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole. The elongation from (Ala)₃, (Ala)₄, and (Ala)₅ and the formation of diketopiperazine from (Ala)₂ proceeded immediately in the presence of EDC in the meantime of the sample preparations. In addition, it was unexpected that the disappearance of the products and the reformation of the reactants occurred by the further incubation for 24 h; for instance, (Ala)₅ decreased but (Ala)₄ increased with increasing the reaction time in the reaction of (Ala)₄ with EDC. These facts suggest that the activation of the reactant amino acids or peptides immediately occurs. Under the simulated hydrothermal conditions, EDC did not enhance the formation of oligopeptides from Asp, Glu or Ala nor the spontaneous formation of (Ala)₅ from (Ala)₄.     

抗大气湍流近红外计算鬼成像

为解决大气湍流造成成像质量严重下降的问题,提出一种抗大气湍流近红外计算鬼成像方法。计算鬼成像利用调制光场和物光总光强进行强度关联来获取图像信息,调制光场是决定成像质量的一个关键。利用湍流随时间和空间变化,将其作为计算鬼成像中的随机调制光场,通过功率谱反演法模拟强、中、弱三种大气湍流引起的相位扰动影响,并加载到光传播链路中完成抗大气湍流近红外鬼成像仿真分析。利用近红外相机作为探测器搭建计算鬼成像实验系统,并进行外场实验对提出的方法进行实验验证。仿真和实验结果表明,仿真三种不同强度湍流情况和外场条件下均能重构出目标物体的像,仿真图像信噪比分别为19.4 dB、24.2 dB和64.58 dB,表明了计算关联成像在近红外波段抗大气湍流的有效性。该方法结构简单,易于实现,可为近红外抗大气湍流探测提供一种技术途径。