电动加载系统分数阶迭代学习复合控制

针对电动加载系统存在多余力矩扰动的问题,提出一种以位置闭环和力矩闭环为反馈控制、迭代学习控制为补偿控制的复合控制策略。为提高加载系统动态性能及降低建立模型的复杂性,驱动永磁同步电机采用直接转矩控制方式,建立加载系统频域模型。在位置闭环和力矩闭环采用分数阶PIλDμ控制器代替常规PID控制器,迭代学习补偿控制采用分数阶迭代学习控制器,利用分数阶微积分的信息记忆特性提高控制系统的动态性能和鲁棒性,通过理论分析给出分数阶PD型迭代学习控制器的收敛条件。对正弦和梯形波载荷进行力矩加载实验及多余力矩抑制实验,验证了该控制方法的有效性。      

一种高动态环境下卫星扩频信号的快速捕获方法研究

现代卫星导航及测控应用对接收机在高动态环境下实现测量通信提出了迫切需求。为了解决大多普勒频偏扩频信号的快速捕获问题,提出了一种在频域并行搜索码相位及多普勒频偏的双频域快速捕获方法。采用双块补零算法将长的相关积分操作分割为多个短的相关积分操作,然后采用快速傅里叶变换进行圆周相关,大大节约了处理时间,利用频域圆周移位与时域载波剥离等价的原理,大幅提高了频率搜索效率。与时域相关算法和单频域计算方法相比,在捕获灵敏度不变的条件下,该方法将计算量减少90%,显著提高了运算速度,适合高动态环境下扩频信号的快速捕获。该方案应用于星载接收机平台FPGA实现,测试结果表明该方案可以在0.1s内完成±500kHz频偏下扩频信号捕获。     

基于视线矢量的深空自主导航算法研究

针对深空探测器在行星际飞行的轨道确定问题, 研究了一种基于视线矢量的自主导航算法. 结合深空探测任务的特点, 以太阳视线矢量和地球视线矢量作为导航系统的观测量, 在详细分析太阳敏感器测量原理的基础上, 给出了太阳视线矢量的观测模型及其观测误差表达式. 通过分析导航相机观测原理, 给出像元像线观测模型, 并推导了地球视线矢量的观测误差. 根据惯性空间内视线矢量间的几何关系, 详细推导了探测器的位置矢量及其误差表达式, 结合非线性扩展卡尔曼滤波建立自主导航算法. 利用深度撞击任务的实际飞行数据对本文提出的深空自主导航算法进行了仿真验证.      

空间非合作目标交会对接影像测量自适应处理

分析了空间非合作目标影像测量及特征点提取机理,根据对接中特征点识别噪声不确定和空间摄动引起的模型误差,对传统滤波方法进行改进;通过量测更新后的新息数据对量测噪声量级进行估计,同时采用渐消自适应方法对模型误差进行处理,增进滤波效果;设计了针对空间非合作目标对接段的滤波器,能够提供对接段相对位置、速度、姿态角及角速率估计信息。仿真结果表明,提出的改进滤波算法能够在测量噪声不确定和模型误差条件下达到较好效果。     

Time synchronization of new-generation BDS satellites using inter-satellite link measurements

Autonomous satellite navigation is based on the ability of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), such as Beidou, to estimate orbits and clock parameters onboard satellites using Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) measurements instead of tracking data from a ground monitoring network. This paper focuses on the time synchronization of new-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) satellites equipped with an ISL payload. Two modes of Ka-band ISL measurements, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mode and the continuous link mode, were used onboard these BDS satellites. Using a mathematical formulation for each measurement mode along with a derivation of the satellite clock offsets, geometric ranges from the dual one-way measurements were introduced. Then, pseudoranges and clock offsets were evaluated for the new-generation BDS satellites. The evaluation shows that the ranging accuracies of TDMA ISL and the continuous link are approximately 4?cm and 1?cm (root mean square, RMS), respectively. Both lead to ISL clock offset residuals of less than 0.3?ns (RMS). For further validation, time synchronization between these satellites to a ground control station keeping the systematic time in BDT was conducted using L-band Two-way Satellite Time Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT). System errors in the ISL measurements were calibrated by comparing the derived clock offsets with the TWSTFT. The standard deviations of the estimated ISL system errors are less than 0.3?ns, and the calibrated ISL clock parameters are consistent with that of the L-band TWSTFT. For the regional BDS network, the addition of ISL measurements for medium orbit (MEO) BDS satellites increased the clock tracking coverage by more than 40% for each orbital revolution. As a result, the clock predicting error for the satellite M1S was improved from 3.59 to 0.86?ns (RMS), and the predicting error of the satellite M2S was improved from 1.94 to 0.57?ns (RMS), which is a significant improvement by a factor of 3–4.     

A global weighted mean temperature model based on empirical orthogonal function analysis

A global empirical orthogonal function (EOF) model of the tropospheric weighted mean temperature called GEOFM_Tm was developed using high-precision Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) Atmosphere T_m data during the years 2008–2014. Due to the quick convergence of EOF decomposition, it is possible to use the first four EOF series, which consists base functions U_k and associated coefficients P_k, to represent 99.99% of the overall variance of the original data sets and its spatial-temporal variations. Results show that U₁ displays a prominent latitude distribution profile with positive peaks located at low latitude region. U₂ manifests an asymmetric pattern that positive values occurred over 30° in the Northern Hemisphere, and negative values were observed at other regions. U₃ and U₄ displayed significant anomalies in Tibet and North America, respectively. Annual variation is the major component of the first and second associated coefficients P₁ and P₂, whereas P₃ and P₄ mainly reflects both annual and semi-annual variation components. Furthermore, the performance of constructed GEOFM_Tm was validated by comparison with GTm_III and GTm_N with different kinds of data including GGOS Atmosphere T_m data in 2015 and radiosonde data from Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) in 2014. Generally speaking, GEOFM_Tm can achieve the same accuracy and reliability as GTm_III and GTm_N models in a global scale, even has improved in the Antarctic and Greenland regions. The MAE and RMS of GEOFM_Tm tend to be 2.49?K and 3.14?K with respect to GGOS T_m data, respectively; and 3.38?K and 4.23?K with respect to IGRA sounding data, respectively. In addition, those three models have higher precision at low latitude than middle and high latitude regions. The magnitude of T_m remains at the range of 220–300?K, presented a high correlation with geographic latitude. In the Northern Hemisphere, there was a significant enhancement at high latitude region reaching 270?K during summer. GEOFM_Tm is capable to represent the spatiotemporal variations of T_m, with the high accuracy and reliability in a global scale, therefore, will be of great significance to the real-time GNSS water vapor inversion and climate studies.     

天基通信与太空射电望远镜功能一体系统

摘要： 针对现有地基深空通信系统存在深空通信距离不够远、数传速率不够高等缺点,提出一种基于分布式协同控制的天基主动深空通信与太空射电望远镜功能一体系统.该系统部署在地球静止轨道上,由1颗馈源星、1颗中心星和4294颗小卫星（单元星）通过精密编队和在轨自主组装的方式构成,一体化集成天基主动深空通信功能和射电天文望远镜功能.该系统可以为深空探测器提供一个星地高速中转站,由于其部署在地球静止轨道,几乎不受大气云层影响,可以大幅度提升深空探测通信支持距离和数传速率,且能使射电天文望远镜的分辨率和灵敏度提升1~2个数量级.     

称重法低温介质流量校验系统方案研究CSCD

液体火箭发动机试验中,流量测量的准确度至关重要。不同于常温流量测量,低温推进剂的流量测量有其特殊性。介绍了称重法低温介质流量校验原理、方法及方案,对流入法排出气体及流出法增压气体流量简略计算公式进行了推导;针对低温容器气枕换热传质特点,对气枕平均温度的一致性进行了讨论。得出了流入法排出气体流量一致性较好、采用流入法可以使低温流量计检定准确度更高的结论。     

频率源对雷达测速精度影响分析

针对高稳频率源如何影响雷达测速精度问题,构建基于频率源分析雷达测速精度的理论模型,利用同步校频和互备双锁相环(PLL)改进方案实现了高稳高可靠频率源,然后通过静态模拟试验和动目标跟踪试验,分析频率源幅度、准确度、稳定度及同步校频、锁相环等模块对多普勒和测速精度的影响。结果表明,锁相环能够提升频率源短稳,降低雷达测速随机误差,同步校频能够减小本地铷钟与外部基准的频差,减小雷达测速系统误差,通过双源和双锁相环的设计,频率源切换或锁相环路切换时,也能够保证测速雷达系统正常工作。     

当前航天器制导、导航和控制的几个问题

提出了当前型号和预研中有关航天器制导、导航和控制技术六个方面有待解决的问题：２０００．０星上计算机实时计算轨道的时间系统和坐标系统标准化；星载高精度、高可靠ＧＰＳ实时定轨、定姿组合系统；制导、导航和控制系统的小型化；２１世纪的交会对接技术；第四代航天员舱外活动控制技术；微小智能月球车／火星车控制技术。仅提出了一些非常粗浅的想法，作为抛砖引玉，以期引起决策管理部门的重视。