北斗卫星导航系统空间信号用户测距误差计算方法研究

按照空间信号用户测距误差（UserRangeError,URE）定义,参考GPS标准定位服务性能规范中URE的计算方法,结合北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）多星混合星座类型,在考虑仰角限制情况下,详细推导了适用于BDS的瞬时URE和均方根URE计算公式。利用广播星历和精密星历计算的卫星轨道误差和卫星钟钟差,带入所推导的公式,对BDSURE进行分析评估;并使用GNSS接收机原始观测量和伪距观测方程计算BDSURE,最后将两种计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,两种方法BDSURE的计算结果基本一致,在95%置信度情况下均小于2.5m,满足北斗公开服务性能规范中对空间信号URE的基本要求。     

增材制造技术在液体火箭发动机领域的最新进展及产业化推进

介绍了航天领域液体火箭发动机的工作环境与制造特点，分析增材制造技术原理与在其制造领域存在的优势，综述分析了国内外航天增材制造技术应用最新情况；结合液体火箭发动机工程应用实例，对增材制造工程应用发展所经历的替代传统工艺、集成制造、轻量化制造和系统集成设计四个阶段的工程应用与效果进行了系统分析；并指出目前航天液体动力增材制造技术工程化应用推进过程存在的问题及解决方案，提出了增材制造产业化的发展建议。     

Novel attitude determination method by integration of electronic level meter,INS, and low-cost turntable for level attitude evaluation and calibration of INS

Attitude references are greatly needed for the evaluation and calibration of Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs), which are widely used in gravimeter, marine, and aeronautical navigation. High-accuracy turntable, INS, and Global Navigation Satellite System have been utilized to verify the performance of relatively low-accuracy INS. The accuracy requirement of the attitude reference continuously increases with the rapid improvement of inertial sensors and navigation algorithms. However, the cost of attitude determination system increases rapidly with the increase of attitude accuracy requirement. To solve this limitation, the integration of level meter, INS, and low-cost turntable is proposed to provide level attitude, such as roll and pitch. The turntable is utilized to rotate the INS. An integration model of the level meter and INS is built to estimate the level attitude and reduce the cost of the turntable. The proposed method successfully avoids the dependence on high-accuracy turntables. An observability degree analysis is conducted to improve the level attitude accuracy further. The simulation and turntable test results indicate that the proposed method can provide high-accuracy level attitude without high-accuracy INS or turntable and is applicable to error calibration and attitude evaluation of INS.     

Grouping bi-chi-squared method for pulsar navigation experiment using observations of Rossi X-ray timing explorer

X-ray pulsar-based navigation is a revolutionary technology which is capable of providing the required navigation information in the solar system. Performing as an important pulsar-based navigation technique, the Significance Enhancement of Pulse-profile with Orbit-dynamics (SEPO) can estimate orbital elements by using the distortion of pulse profile. Based on the SEPO technique, we propose a grouping bi-chi-squared technique and adopt the observations of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) to carry out experimental verification. The pulsar timing is refined to determine spin parameters of the Crab pulsar (PSR B0531+21) during the observation periods, and a short-term dynamic model for RXTE satellite is established by considering the effects of diverse perturbations. Experimental results suggest that the position and velocity errors are 16.3 km (3σ) and 13.3 m/s (3σ) with two adjacent observations split by one day (exposure time of 1.5 ks), outperforming those of the POLAR experiment whose results are 19.2 km (3σ) and 432 m/s (3σ). The approach provided is particularly applicable to the estimation of orbital elements via using high-flux observations.     

基于北斗空时信息的安全通信方法

随着5G大规模商用和6G研发的启动,天地一体已成为未来移动通信发展的共识,然而空口边界被无限扩大,使无线通信安全面临着前所未有的严峻挑战,我国北斗三号卫星导航系统的全球位置信息服务为安全通信与定位导航的学科交叉提供了可能。提出了一种利用用户空时信息进行加密的安全通信方法,该方法是一种利用位置和时间唯一性的加密技术,通过北斗卫星导航系统的定位授时服务获取用户的空时信息,基于短报文业务实现信息共享,在传统加密算法的基础上提供额外安全层。该方法在密钥生成阶段提出了一种基于MD5信息摘要结合Logistic混沌映射的密钥生成算法(MD5-Logistic),使加密过程随位置变化而动态更新。仿真结果表明,该算法生成的密钥具有较高随机性,且有效降低了生成密文与明文间的相关性。在此基础上,为提升对定位误差的容忍能力,引入容忍距离概念,将解密范围从一点扩大为一个区域,使系统的鲁棒性及实用性得到显著提升。最后通过实测得到通信成功率与容忍距离间的关系,并给出合适的容忍距离。     

Modelling of grinding mechanics: A review

Grinding is one of the most widely used material removal methods at the end of many process chains. Grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, which has a great influence on material removal rate, dimensional and shape accuracy, surface and subsurface integrity, thermodynamics, dynamics, wheel durability, and machining system deformation. Considering that grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, grinding force can be used to detect grinding wheel wear, energy calculation, chatter suppression, force control and grinding process simulation. Accurate prediction of grinding forces is important for optimizing grinding parameters and the structure of grinding machines and fixtures. Although there are substantial research papers on grinding mechanics, a comprehensive review on the modeling of grinding mechanics is still absent from the literature. To fill this gap, this work reviews and introduces theoretical methods and applications of mechanics in grinding from the aspects of modeling principles, limitations and possible future trendencies.     

恶劣天气下的仿生偏振定向方法

针对偏振光导航在恶劣天气下精度显著下降的问题，提出了一种可以在恶劣天气下基于大气偏振模式的定向算法。与现有方法相比，首次将三维块匹配与canny边缘检测结合的思想应用于修复被不同天气破坏的偏振角度图像中。具体而言，将偏振角度图像的修复分为噪声粗处理和边缘提取处理去噪两部分。在噪声粗处理阶段采用三维块匹配算法,在边缘提取处理去噪部分，利用canny边缘检测算法对偏振角度图像进行二次去噪。实验结果表明，该方法不仅能够提高晴朗天空下的定向精度，而且能够显著提升在阴天、沙尘、雾霾等恶劣天气条件下的导航定向精度，即使在偏振角图像对称∞模式被破坏的情况下，航向角精度仍可由9.4470°提高到1.6859°。     

恶劣天气下的仿生偏振定向方法

针对偏振光导航在恶劣天气下精度显著下降的问题,提出了一种可以在恶劣天气下基于大气偏振模式的定向算法。与现有方法相比,首次将三维块匹配与canny边缘检测结合的思想应用于修复被不同天气破坏的偏振角度图像中。具体而言,将偏振角度图像的修复分为噪声粗处理和边缘提取处理去噪两部分。在噪声粗处理阶段采用三维块匹配算法,在边缘提取处理去噪部分,利用canny边缘检测算法对偏振角度图像进行二次去噪。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够提高晴朗天空下的定向精度,而且能够显著提升在阴天、沙尘、雾霾等恶劣天气条件下的导航定向精度,即使在偏振角图像对称∞模式被破坏的情况下,航向角精度仍可由9.4470°提高到1.6859°。     

卫星导航有源接收天线噪声温度测量

卫星导航有源接收天线的噪声温度是导航接收系统的关键技术指标之一。针对卫星导航有源天线总体噪声温度无法测量的问题，研制了两台口面型噪声源，口面噪声源主要由辐射体、辐射体物理温度控制和温度测量仪等组成。两个口面噪声源在L和S波段分别提供高低温标准噪声温度，采用Y系数测量方法测量有源接收天线的总体天线噪声温度。测量了某卫星导航有源天线的总噪声温度，在(1.19～1.29) GHz的频率范围内，中心频率1.24 GHz上噪声温度测量结果为206 K，但是在1.266 GHz频率点上噪声温度测量大于4 000 K，说明天线与滤波器之间、滤波器与放大器之间存在设计问题或其它问题，体现出测量有源天线噪声温度的必要性。     

结合卫星遥感的 PM2.5 浓度估算与站点异常分析

针对大气污染难监测、异常数据难分析等问题，充分发挥气象卫星多时相观测优势，以N维代价函数算法为依托进行逐小时气溶胶光学厚度反演。进一步以随机森林回归算法为基础，结合气象参数、地面监测参数等辅助变量进行近地面PM2.5浓度估算，并据此开展时空分布与浓度异常分析。江苏省2021年1–6月PM2.5浓度遥感估算精度验证结果显示，其相关性精度达到94%，偏差为5.59μg/m³，证明以卫星遥感数据为基础进行PM2.5浓度估算具有高可靠性与可行性。通过其建立的全区域、多时相监测体系可有效进行PM2.5浓度的时空分布分析，明晰PM2.5分布状况，助力空气污染治理管控。通过卫星估算结果与地面站点监测结果的对比分析，准确识别大泉街道数据低报事件，验证人为干扰数据采集工作，实现星地数据双向监督。文章研究证明，卫星遥感技术可有效支撑近地面PM2.5浓度估算与数据异常分析，推动新时代生态文明建设。